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Every soul hath its own Gethsemane, 
Each is buHding his own world." 



Religious Education and 
Practical Christianity 

A Paper Read Before 

The Columbia Association of 

Baptist Churches 



of 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



AT ITS ANNUAL MEETING 



PRICE FIFTY CENTS 



\\ itnni yourseit lies tnt cause oi whaisoever eniers uito 
11 r life. To come into the full realization of your own awk- 
.vaid interior powers, it is better to be able to condition your life 
in exact accord with what you would have it. ' ' — Ralph Waldo Trim 



We wMf&^^spectfully recoi 
to the careful consideration of everp local church. 

iWIIIHIFI: 

I The Northern Baptist Convention 

The' Commission on Religious 
and Moral Education 



Bulletin No. 2 



A Program 

of 

Religious Education 



in a 



Local Church 



Presented at Detroii, May 23, 1914 



4- 



"Knowledge Is Power." 



This is the day of big things. Our times 
^ exult ill uiagnitude. Mere size is coimted a 

^ virtue. To such, the dimensions of the mis- 

sionary propaganda should commend this 
■world zuork of the Christian Church. With 
$30,000,000 a year being spent for foreign 
niissioiis by the Protestant churches of the 
icorld, and with an army of about 25,000 mis- 
sionaries on the Held, this enterprise deserves 
to rank as really the greatest undertaking of 
our time, apart altogether from its spiritual 
significance 



Eugene B. Evans 

Publisher 
Washington, D. C, 



Compliments of the Author 



THE EVANS PRESS 



Copyright, 1914 

CHARLEYS E:IvIvIOTT VROOMAN 

Dkacon Tempi^e Baptist Church, Tenth and N Sts. N. W. 

Washington, D. C. 

Rev. Joseph J. Muir, Pastor 



! 



SEP 25 1914 

2 

©CI.A380561 



''The i^reatcst thought that ever entered my brain is 
ni\ personal responsibility to my God." — Daniel Webster. 




HON. CHARLES ELLIOTT VROOMAN, B. S., L. L. B. 

OF WASHINGTON, D. C. AND CENTERVILLE, IOWA 



''Cct wisdom: gci understanding," — Prov. 4:5. 



DEDICATED TO THE 

BAPTIST DENOMINATION OF NORTH AMERICA 

BY THE AUTHOR 



'^'for the earth shall he filled -ieith the knoieledge of the 
^lory of the Lord, as the ivaters eover the sea," — Hab. 2:4. 



PREFACE 



Resolved, That the Association extend its hearty 
thanks to Brother C. E. Vrooman for the extensive re- 
search work done in preparing report of the Educational 
Board, and that we regret that the same cannot be printed 
in the minutes, owing to its comprehensive character, cov- 
ering the part and progress in the past of Baptists in the 
educational life of the nation, together with its review of 
our present educational policy as a denomination and the 
possibility that the work inaugurated by Luther Rice, the 
founder of Columbia College, can be expanded and en- 
larged ; and be it further resolved, in order that the results 
of Brother Vrooman's efforts may be preserved, wx request 
him to arrange for the printing of the same, if practicable, 
and to present copies of his report to the Baptists' collec- 
tions of Colgate University, Crozier Theological Seminary, 
and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary at Louis- 
ville, and to deposit a copy with the clerk of this associa- 
tion. 

Unanimously adopted by the Association. 

Note — Reliable and valuable statisties collected. 

'7 know whom I have believed." — // Tim. 1-12. 



REVISE:D and ENIyARGED 



INTRODUCTORY 



RELIGIOUS AND MORAL EDUCATION. 
COLUMBIA BAPTIST ASSOCIATION. 

Greeting: 

Your Committee, the Chairman of the Educational 
Board in presenting this somewhat crude and incomplete 
report, has not the hardihood to claim originaHty, perfec- 
tion, or absolute accuracy. At the conclusion of our re- 
search and investigation, we cannot exclaim "Eureka;'' 
neither shall we, like Ponce de Leon, assume a pessimistic 
frame of mind, and plead guilty to failure. But in the con- 
solation of our effort we feel we have the benediction of 
Him who said of Mary — "She hath done what she could." 
And in this endeavor, in this presence, we beg to make 
grateful and sincere acknowledgement for the valuable ad- 
vice, assistance, and suggestion given by a number of the 
most eminent brethren of our denomination — East, West, 
North, and South — presidents and professors of universi- 
ties and colleges, doctors of divinity and laymen, publica- 
tion societies, editors, government officials, etc. 

it has been said the founders of the Republic desired 
that this should be a Christian nation. They set forth 
their ideas in many of the earlier state papers. They re- 
fused to bolster up religious institutions by the state pa- 
tronage. History has justified their wisdom. The op- 
pressed of every nation today look to America to show the 
way to better things. We have tried to know of a truth 
that "Righteousness exalteth a nation." But our best ef- 
forts have been imperfect; we also know that "sin is a 
reproach to a nation." 

The best way to comprehend a truth, says the phil- 
osopher, "is to examine things as they really are, and 
not conclude they are as we fancv of ourselves or have 
been taught by others to imagine." 

The Western Hemisphere is slowly working out for 
itself its own theory of that part of international policy 
which concerns both the attitude of all the American com- 
monwealths in the face of the rest of the world, and also 
their dealings with one another. Because of the fact that 
it is a new world and that we are a young nation, we suf- 
fer certain disadvantages and have certain difficulties of 
our owm to face. 



There is a danger, now, that the world has become a 
single community, that we shall love humanity in the ab- 
stract and forget to love our neighbor in person — those 
who live w4th us and who are the inescapable test of the 
reality of our love for men. There is danger that hasty 
effort on the part of some of our churches to adjust them- 
selves to new and involved social service requirements, 
may betray us into a wrong emphasis. There is danger 
that the quality of our impact upon society may be impaired 
by confusing the "goodly pearls" of social efficiency and 
human fraternity with "The Pearl of Great Price." Chris- 
tianity means better living conditions among men, but the 
supreme business of the church is to produce these better 
conditions by producing better men and women. Not so 
much more men, but ''more man," in a great movement 
having for its ultimate result the "Fatherhood of God and 
the brotherhood of man." The "Btemal Truth" is founded 
on The Rock and will win. As a great religious force in 
the world, the Baptist Denomination would rather lose 
with our principles than win without them. 

We are living in a very fast age — "Progressive," if 
you please, along hues of good and evil. Saul has slain 
his thousands and David his tens of thousands. Automo- 
biles, maiming, killing, and annihilating more people dur- 
ing the year past than all the railroads combined. Air 
ships cleaving the sky, attempting the impossible in defi- 
ance of nature's laws — centripetal, centrifugal forces and 
the law of gravitation. Easy marital relations — a divorce 
while you wait — churches condoning some unsavory char- 
acter ; graft in high places. Watered, dishonest commer- 
cial exactions and legal extremities in others. A spirit of 
ecclesiastical agitation and unrest the world wide. A moral 
fomentation, where everything — all things — are at the boil- 
ing point. Creed or no creed — prayer book or no prayer 
book — revision or no revision of dogmas — "Ephriam joined 
to his idols!" Church imity or no unity; amalgamation on 
the essentials of Christianity — the world for Christ ; or 
shall it be Paul or Apollos — John's baptism or Christ's? 

A PROBLEM. 
So he who looks over the issue will realize the stupen- 
dous task which confronts Christianity today, and the 
splendid opportunities which arc before us ; but the thing 
which ought to cause us deep humility and heart search- 
ing is the fact that we seem to be not ready to accomplish 
our task nor to meet our opportunities. We have the abil- 
ity, but we are lacking in willingness and in systematic 
methods. When we consider the prosperity of the coun- 
tr\-, there is ro good reason why so many of our great 



religious causes should be suffering because of inadequate 
support. If our people would only give, as a minimum, 
one-tenth of their income, not as a matter of the law, but 
as an expression of their gratitude, loyalty, and love to 
God — the giver of all good — every financial problem of our 
churches, from that of insufficient pastoral support all the 
way through to that of world evangelization, would be 
solved. // all our pastors zv^ould begin both to practice and 
preach the giving of at least one -tenth, regularly and sys- 
tcTuatically, the people zuoidd take it ^ttp, and marvelous 
temporal and spiritual blessings zcoid'd be poured out upon 
the churches. 

Rev. Dr. Wm. L. Potcat, of Wake Forest College, 
North Carolina, says : 

"Religion is the mother of nations and the conservator 
of nations. The organizing force of the national life is not 
democracy ; it is not community of economic interest, or 
fellowship in the creed of science. The organizing force 
of the national life is the power of the eternal world press- 
ing close and palpitatingly upon* the life of this world, sub- 
ordinating individual interest to the common good. It is 
not an external repression, but an inward impulsion; not 
policemen, but Cod. The Indian statesman said : 'It is 
Christ who rules British India, not the British govern- 
ment.' 

Nor is this all that is to be said of religion as the prin- 
cipal of social cohesion and organization. It is today tran- 
scending national boundaries and exerting its power in 
international relations. Community of religious sentiments 
and ideals is even now leveling the barriers which separate 
nation from nation, as the range of these common senti- 
ments and ideals widens, and there is growing up under 
our eyes, co-extensively with the spread of Christianity, the 
society of mankind. In the progressive nations of the 
world Jesus Christ is already recognized as fudge and king. 

The conclusion is unavoidable and manifest. Religion 
is not an intruder in the field of education. It has created 
Ihe Held. It is at home there, and is not to be dislodged. 
And the only religion in the world today effective as a 
social force is organized religion — that is, religion of the 
denominational type. Accordingly, religious work in edu- 
cation cannot be left wholly to the hazard of individual 
impulse or the Hmitations of public provision, if its results 
are to be large and legitimate and abiding. It must be 
organized. And organization has actually, if not inevitably, 
taken effect on the basis of communitv of beliefs and aims." 



EDUCATION. 

Rev. Dr. B. B. Pollard, of Crozier Theological Semi- 
nary, Pennsyh\mia : 

''The logic of our position as Baptists forces us to favor 
education, for the same reason that in a repubUcan form 
of government pubHc schools are imperative. We must as 
truly educate the membership who are to govern the 
churches as the masses who are to manage the state. A 
democracy in both church and state demands that the mul- 
titudes be educated. Baptists believe in the value of the 
individual ; hence the individuals shall be brought up to his 
best value. This can be done only through education. And 
yet, strangely enough, many of our Baptist forefathers 
were very suspicious of education. They seem to see in 
education a possible foe to spirituality, for they often 
observe that intelligence is too often not found with devout 
and spiritually minded people. The obstacle among Bap- 
tists today is not suspicion of education, but indifference to 
it. There are fczver of our Baptist boys and girls in schools 
of higher learning than from any other denomination, in 
proportion to our membership. This should not be so, un- 
less we have decided to take, and to hold forever, a minor 
place in the work of the world and in efficiency for service. 
It may be too late for the Baptists of the District of 
Columbia to hope for an institution of high grade under 
their own auspices. Over one hundred years ago George 
Washington conceived of a great National University at 
the seat of government. Almost two decades after Wash- 
ington's death Luther Rice dreamed of, and labored for, a 
great Baptist College in Washington. Both these dreams 
have failed. But it is not too late, in this one hundredth 
anniversary of Rice's coming among Baptists, to dedicate 
ourselves anew to the educational ideals of that earnest, 
far-seeing, and consecrated man. It is not too late to re- 
solve that our children shall have the very best that Chris- 
tian education can bestow ; that our institutions shall be 
adequately endowed and equipped, and that we shall not 
be behind any people in God's world in providing a well- 
trained ministry and a strong, efficient laity to lead our 
church in the largest service for the ^Kingdom of God." 

Once more, Rev. Dr. William Louis Poteat: 
. 'We believe in the importance of religion in educa- 
tion. For the primary and grammar grades, however, we 
adopt the public school system provided by the state as our 
own, feeling justified in so doing by the fact that during 
that period our children are' still in our homes with the 
op]K)rtunity of religious instruction by their parents. When, 



however, our children reach the high school period and 
need to be from home, we ourselves provide denomina- 
tional academies, fourteen in all, distributed at proper in- 
tervals throughout the State and under the control of trus- 
tees appointed by one or more Associations responsible 
for them. We hold these denominational academies in high 
esteem. They have charge of our boys and girls during 
the adolescent period of their personal development, when 
they set up their life standards and ideals, make their life 
choices, and the great ventures of imagination and faith 
which we call conversion. And so it turns out that usually 
under the direct instruction and personal guidance which 
they have in these schools the boys and girls come to our 
Baptist Colleges already members of the Church and in the 
majority of cases having made their decision of the ques- 
tion of a life vocation. The colleges for men and women 
complete the denominational provision for education. There 
is a commission appointed by the State Convention with 
limited range of responsibility. Its function is restricted to 
the standardizing and unifying of the course of instruction 
in these higli schools and the appointment of a field secre- 
tary, whose service is available for the whole system of 
schools." 

SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION. 

Rev. Dr. J. M. Frost: 

"Educational work '''' " * is a matter of great 
moment and is giving our denomination much concern 
throughout the South. In places where we have no schools 
it is one of the living questions of the day. In my judg- 
ment Christian education in the next few years will be con- 
sidered one of the most momentous of all questions under 
discussion." 

R(Z'. Dr. Ernest D. Bitrton, of Chieago University: 

"I have yours of October 8th. I am not quite sure 
what material you desire for your annual report. I am 
sending you, however, a copy of the Minutes of the 
American Baptist Educational Society, held at Des Moines 
May 23-25, 1912, in which you may find something for 
your purpose. It should be explained, however, that by 
successive actions of the Northern Baptist Convention, be- 
ginning at the meeting of 1909, there has been created an 
Education Board of the Convention, identical in member- 
ship and officers with the Board of Managers of the Amer- 
ican Baptist Education Society, and it is; I understand, the 
intention of the denomination that its main activities along 
the line of education shall be exercised through its Educa- 
tion Board rather than through the Board of Managers of 



the Education Society. By the action taken at the meet- 
ing of which I send you a copy of the minutes, the new 
board of the Convention becomes heir to and continues the 
history of the old American Baptist Education Society. 

"The Education Board conceives its duty to he chiefly 
along three lines : First, it has a large task of study and 
investigation, in order to discover in what condition our 
denominational educational work is and what our educa- 
tional needs as a denomination are. The investigations 
already made lead the Board to recognize as a second duty 
the production and circulation of literature calculated to 
stimulate the interest of the denomination in the work of 
education. It is also clear to them, in the third place, that 
the denomination has a large responsibility for the large 
body of students in state institutions. Along this line the 
Board is already co-operating with local churches and con- 
ventions in the matter of placing student pastors at the 
principal state universities. We are co-operating in this di- 
rection at the state universities of Michigan, Wisconsin, 
Ohio, and. Nebraska, and are only waiting the selection of 
men to place student pastors at the state universities of 
Iowa, Kansas, Washington, and California. 

"The fourth task, which cannot go forward rapidly 
until the work of mvestigation first mentioned has been 
carried considerably further, is the fostering of denomina- 
tional schools in states where they are needed. In some 
cases we have tivv or more Baptist colleges in the same 
state, and it becomes a serious question whether the de- 
nomination should assume the task of building up both of 
these, or whether some solution of the problem should be 
found which would better promote the interests of educa- 
tion and the denomination. In other instances there is at 
least a question whether a school has been zviscly located, 
and in still others it requires a considerable amount of in- 
vestigation to determine precisely the lines along which 
their development would best proceed. The Board is work- 
ing diligently at these problems and hopes after November 
1st, when Dr. Frank W. Padelford, who has hitherto given 
us a portion of his time gratuitously, will be able to give 
us his whole time, that this work will go forward much 
more rapidly and that we shall have valuable results to 
show as the months and years go by." 

Rev. Frank S. Dobbins, Philadelphia: 

"1'hcre is .'■omething nezv, something really ii.wnderful, 
when you stop to*think of it, in the ivay that we are prose- 
cuting the educational zvork. There isn't anything at all 
denominational about science, nor art, nor history, and 
tlicre is no reason in thd world why four weak colleges 



should be put down in a place where o)ic strong one would 
be of essentially greater benefit, and so, in different sec- 
tions of China, for example, the Baptists are united to- 
gether with other denominations in the founding of strong 
institutions. This is a magnificent example in wisdom and 
Christian love. In Japan the Baptists North and South 
have joined together in the theological seminary work, and 
in China the Baptists North and South have joined to- 
gether in the Baptist college in Shanghai and the theo- 
logical seminary work. 

"In the years that are gone the Baptists failed to do 
wdiat they ought to have done in the way of furnishing a 
Christian education for the native converts, and thereby 
we have failed to grow as we should have grown. But 
within recent years we are trying to correct this mistake, 
and steadily we are overtaking the task. You see, it w^ould 
be almost impossible to evangelize the world with mission- 
aries sent from England and America. What we need to 
do is to have our own English and American missionaries 
to inaugurate the work and secure a band of .choice and 
trained native leaders and set them at work evangelizing 
their own countrymen. This is zijise from every point of 
view, and one of the essential things is to train with a 
careful education those to whom is to be committed the 
task of winning to Christ their fellow-countrymen." 

Extracts from Report of Bducational Board, Northern 
B ap tist Co m r'u tio n : 

"The Board has been making a very careful study of 
the educational situation, so far as it concerns the Baptists, 
and has secured much valuable information. The Secretary 
has personally visited every Baptist seminary and college, 
except one, west of the Mississippi River, besides many of 
the large state universities, and he has attended the Pacific 
Coast Conference at Sacramento, called primarily to con- 
sider the educational situation on the Coast." 

*'The suspicion has long existed that Baptists were 
falling behind in their interest in education, but facts were 
lacking to make any such deduction with certainty. Plainly 
the first duty of the Board was to determine whether this 
suspicion had any basis in fact. The Board therefore in- 
augurated a thorough-going investigation into this matter. 
Letters were sent to every college and university in the 
thirty-four states of the North, asking the registrars to fur- 
nish us the denominational preference of their students, so 
far as they could be ascertained. Replies have come from 
nearlv every institution. Some w^ere unable to furnish the 
information, but w^e have secured the facts from tzvo him- 



dred and twenty colleges and universities. The results are 
set forth in] 'table 1, to follow/' 

''In studying this table it must be remembered that it 
does not give the total number of students in many of the 
states. It has been impossible to secure complete returns. 
The facts in some large institutions are not obtainable. It 
has not been possible, for example, to secure the denomi- 
national affiliation of the 8,400 students registered in the 
University of California. But the table does furnish most 
valuable information for a comparative study of the inter- 
ests of the various denominations in education, both in the 
separate states and in the nation." 

"According to these reports, our fears have been v^ell 
founded. It is ti'Ue that, compared with other denomina- 
tions, the Baptists are lagging far behind in the interest 
which they take in the education of their children. The 
investigation proved that in the 220 institutions reporting 
in this table, Congregationalists have one student in college 
for every 79 members; the Presbyterians have one student 
for every 70 members ; Methodists have one student for 
every 143 members ; the Baptists one student for every 176 
members." 

"Our educational problem is largely west of the Mis- 
sissippi River. Our institutions in the eastern part of the 
country have passed through their periods of storm and 
stress. They still have their needs, some of them pressing, 
but they have friends and a constituency. West of the 
Mississippi it is different. Our institutions there are still 
fighting for existence. There is not one of them that is 
adequately equipped or sufficiently endowed. Some of them 
are practically bankrupt. They cannot pay adequate sal- 
aries, and in some cases the salaries are nearly a year in 
arrears. But men and women who believe they are called 
of God are heroically giving their lives to save these in- 
stitutions." 

"Our third investigation has related to the religious 
work being done for students in the large universities of 
the West. A study of the reports indicates that in nine of 
the western states there are registered in the Baptist col- 
legest 960 Baptist students, while in the state lumersities 
of those same states there are registered 2,100 Baptist 
students, more than tzince as many as in our denominational 
schools. These great universities are growing by leaps and 
bounds, and an increasingly large number of our children 
are certainly to be found in their list of students." 

"We Baptists have assumed a strange attitude toward 
these. We have failed to provide adequate denominational 
colleges, and have forced our children into the state uni- 

12 



versities. We have demanded that the state schools shall 
not teach religion. Then we have utterly failed to throw 
religious influences about our children while within their 
walls ; and then we have loudly condemned them because 
they have not trained and developed the religious charac- 
ter of the children we sent them. This is a strange atti- 
tude for Baptists to take." 

''The Baptist situation at many university centers is 
deplorable. In many eases our chureh buildings are small, 
unattractive inadequate, zuhile all about them other denom- 
inations haz'e established fine plants. In several cases the 
churches themselves have assumed a jealous or hostile atti- 
tude tovLKird the university coniiuunity. Is it any zvonder 
that our Baptist children are lost to the denomination?" 



TABLE I. 

Above referred to. Statistics of lattendance at 220 coUeges in thir- 
ty-four Northern States. 





hi 


Total students. 


Baptists. 


Congregation- 


States. 


11 










alists. 


















. 1^ 

1^ 


Men. 


W'men 


No. 


Ratio. 


No 


Ratio. 


Arizona 


1 


170 


100 


28 


59 


10 


14 


Oalifornia .... 


8 


2,623 


1,020 


181 


166 


395 


72 


Colorado 


5 


1,381 


1,124 


242 


66 


322 


33 


Connecticut . . . 


5 


3,232 


17 


106 


250 


491 


139 


Delaware 


1 


164 




2 


2,787 






Idaho 


?, 


397 


265 


27 


153 


24 


82 


Illinois 


12 


736 


1,029 


242 


648 


214 


262 


Indiana 


11 


4,226 


1,579- 


358 


181 


59 


77 


Iowa 


13 


5,771 


5,309 


530 


84 


999 


36 


Kansas 


13 


4,619 


2,945 


466 


115 


443 


34 


Maryland 


6 


547 


536 


28 


1,148 


4 


219 


Maine 


4 


1,767 


427 


344 


62 


399 


54 


Massachusetts . 


10 


6,574 


4,982 


582 


134 


1,860 


66 


Michigan 


4 


4,886 


1,335 


640 


70 


643 


51 


Minnesota 


7 


3,387 


1,906 


226 


107 


432 


52 


Missouri 


IB 


3,462 


2,736 


973 


224 


100 


105 


Montana 


1 


126 


98 


16 


189 


19 


128 


Nebraska 


6 


2,704 


2,702 


453 


37 


598 


29 


Nevada 


1 


131 


109 


10 


43 


14 


15 


North Dakoa . . . 


1 


901 


225 


19 


286 


78 


94 


?^ew Hampshire 


1 


1,234 





88 


106 


491 


38 


New Jersey. . . . 


1 


1,932 


25 




924 


71 


123 


New York 


13 


8,058 


4,815 


798 


205 


632 


92 


Oklahoma 




1,082 


57 6 


220 


321 


13 


288 


Oregon 


7 


1,413 


1.068 


247 




J? 


71 


Ohio 


7 
21 


7.092 
11,935 


5,72 4 
3,355 


701 
574 


122 
240 


733 
125 


58 


Pennsylvania.. . 


107 


Rhode Island.. .. 


2 


827 


227 


227 


66 


151 


65 


South Dakota. . 


1 


369 


252 


28 


257 


31 


329 


Vermont 


1 


459 


100 


41 


222 


175 


128 


Washington .. . 


3 


1,433 


1,034 


205 


91 


288 


48 


West Virginia.. 


9 


633 


460 


85 


75 6 


6 


43 


Wisconsin 


6 


759 


307 


- 86 


222 


158 


174 


Wyoming 


1 


100 


45 


S 


160 


4 


331 


Totals 


22 


85,128 


46,495 


8,85 3 


176 


10.060 


69 



13 



TABLE I — Continued. 



Disciples. Lutherans. Methodists. Presbyterians, 



States. 



No. Ratio. No. Ratio. 



No. 



Ratio. No. Ratio. 



Arizona 

California. . 
Colorado.. . . 
Connecticut. 
Delaware . . . 

[daho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Maryland. . . 

Maine. 

Mass 

Michigan. . . 
Minnesota.. . 
Missouri. . . . 
Montana.. . . 
Nebraska. . . 

Nevada 

N. Dakota. .. 
N.Hampshire 
New Jersey. 
New York. . . 
Oklahoma. . 

Oregon 

Ohio 

Penn 

Rhode Island 
3. Dakota. . . 
Vermont. . .. 
Washington. 
W. Virginia. 
Wisconsin . .. 
Wyoming. . . 



48 

122 

1 

" 32 

69 

648 

780 

299 

1 

3 

3 

69 

5 

637 

6 

119 



1 
69 

'23 
431 
20 
12 
14 

"I'e 

31 



421 
69 



100 
1,471 

167 
72 

135 
3,343 



142 
712 
249 
334 
160 



132 

" '435 

194 

1,323 



634 
346 



6 

12 

47 

36 

1 

17 

80 

359 

435 

524 

63 

' ' '85 

281 

1,550 

87 

3 

112 

4 

161 

4 

111 

198 

9 

24 

538 

900 

5 

113 

8 

51 

18 

257 

8 



619 

* '5'o'3 
665 

2,'3'2'5' 

139 

247 

51 

510 

" 'l'2'5 
342 
169 
473 
622 
488 
37 
332 

' 'l"3"5' 
596 
323 

' '164 
214 
503 
342 

' '119 

292 

1,085 

76 



45 

1,065 

607 

382 

22 

83 

447 

1,225 

2,989 

2,445 

327 

261 

701 

998 

726 

1,376 

20 

1,404 

17 

147 

73 

147 

1,004 

432 

451 

3,322 

1,498 

55 

168 

108 

325 

507 

94 

25 



54 

58 

41 

86 

1,260 

64 

5 67 

181 

53 

47 

379 

77 

88 

125 

63 

143 

291 

44 

36 

68 

171 

724 

291 

161 

46 

102 

221 

118 

92 

161 

93 

225 

583 

64 



28 

708 

554 

353 

9 

116 

325 

815 

1,297 

1,094 

117 

8 

948 

958 

604 

976 

22 

841 

10 

133 

79 

5 65 

1,327 

211 

340 

2,035 

2,395 

21 

73 

19 

495 

130 

179 

37 



103 

60 

37 

6 

595 

27 
307 
62 
40 
35 
150 



41 
43 
42 
247 
23 
69 
54 

155 

161 

75 

41 

61 

115 

169 

'51 
74 

106 
26 



Totals 3,465 



211 6,107 283 23,506 143 18,022 70 



Note — This table is of value for comparative study only. Fig- 
ures for several large institutions are not obtainable. 

Ratio means one student of that denomination for every 

church members in the State, e. g. : In Arizon 1 Baptist student 
for every 59 Baptists members in the State; 1 Congregationalist 
student for every fourteen Congregationist members in the State. 



TABLEI II. 
Comparison of Colleges and Universities by Affiliation. 



Affiliation. 





Students. 













II 




A 


3 


a 


Q 


■A'^ 


<u 


> 



Facnltj'. 



a S) 






Baptist I 30 

(\)ngregationalLst | 31 

Lutheran | 18 

Methodist I 48 

Pi-esbytciian 56 

Non-sectarian 59 

State 54 

Bai>ti9t» t .. 



I 9,yo8 I 10,0%' 



8,45s I 

I 3,354 I 
I 13,839 
I 11,115 
31,222 
I 51,457 
I 6,439 I 



953 
1,2130 



7,«32 I 

1,40« I 268 

12,061 1 1,789 

6,681 I 1,2W 

11,903 I 4,043 

22,445 I 51,798 

5,493 I €30 



.336 
46Si 
61 I 
5,32 I 
410 I 
674 I 
803 I 
168 



$21,8819,936 | $30,222,350 | $5,617,89^ 



23,274,1210 I 
2,905,1675 I 
19,750.591 
19;732.337 
G},793,9}8 
73,974.661 
9.153,395 



33,872,392 | 8,587.48,'; 

1,7%^536 i 750.«V» 

19,391.770 I 5,22M.!'63 

15,36);120 | 6.270.7/5 

107,505,939 | 18,131.017 

28,0?4,957 I 2!3.G0').8V8 

12,8.37,710 I l,769,iir/ 



*Les.s Va.s.sar and Chieago. 



14 



Education a Bible Doctrine — By Rev. Dr. B. G. Mul- 
lins, Louisville Seininary: 

"Bducation is a Bible doctrine, because it is taught in 
the Old Testament in many forms, and in the New by the 
example of Jesus Christ himself ; it is necessarily and in- 
evitably to be inferred from, and is required by the regen- 
erate life and by the effort to obey the great commission ; 
it is imbedded in the Xew Testament conception of knowl- 
edge, and is imperatively required for the realization of the 
Christian ideal in its individual and social aspects ; and it 
is everywhere assumed as a necessity for the propagation 
of Christianity and the coming of the Kingdom on earth. 
// all this does not show that education is a Bible doc- 
trme, it would be difficult to conceive what is required to 
show that anything else can be so regarded. 

Paul says that Timothy from his infancy had known 
the sacred Scriptures. His grandmother, Lois, and his 
mother, Bionice, had been his teachers. It is clear here 
that Paul regards the early education of Timothy as one 
of his chief assets as a Christian and preacher. Now, of 
course, capacity for knowing the Scriptures rests on edu- 
cation in the general sense, and it follows that the greater 
the general education the greater is the capacity to under- 
stand and teach the Scriptures, assuming, of course, that 
one is a Christian to begin zvith. There are many pas- 
sages which directly or indirectly show how fundamental 
a place education occupies in the Bible, and the divine use 
which is made of it. In Jcr. 30:2 we read: ''Thus 
speaketh Jehovah, the God of Israel, saying, Write thee 
all the words that I have spoken unto thee in a book." 
For Jeremiah's education was essential to his prophetic 
mission. In Matt. 22 :29 Jesus says : ''Ye do err, not 
knozi'ing the Scriptures ;" in 2 Tini. 4 :13 Paul writes, 
"Bring the books, but especially the parchments." In 1 
Tim. 4:13, he writes: "Until I come give heed to reading," 
etc. Now, every one of these passages shows how educa- 
tion is assumed and regarded as a necessary agency in the 
growth of God's kingdom on earth. They also show how 
unwarranted is the view that our educational enterprise is 
without biblical justification." 

Again Dr. Poteat says : 

Our aim here, w^e say, is education. But let us un- 
derstand once for all what that is. You will be so habit- 
ually engaged in learning things, it will not be surprising 
if you get the impression that education is primarily an in- 
crease in one's stock of knowledge. On the contrary, 
while much of the information which you will gather here 
is of value in itself, the power which you develop in gath- 

15 



ering it is the main consideration. The end of education is 
not knozvlcdge, but power; not enlarged possessions of any 
sort, but enlarged manhood — an all-around efficiency for 
all the work of life. But all our engines and factories 
develop more power than they can utilize. What we re- 
quire of our educational machinery is not simply the de- 
velopment of power, but of available power — power that 
can be turned upon worthy tasks. Power that can be 
turned, I say. Here emerges another product and mark 
of education, namely, self-control. In Ibsen's greatest 
work, the fantastic, poetical drama, "Peer Gynt," the hero, 
although he is only a country-side loafer, writes over the 
door of his mountain hut this legend : "Peer Gynt, emperor 
of himself." Write this over your own door. 

A Layman's View — By the Hon. P. P. Claxton, Com- 
missioner of the United States Bureau of Education, 
Washington, D. C. : 

1. Education is a function of the state which it is 
bound to perform. 

2. The state is unable to do all the zvork of education. 
The church has its educational function, but the church 
should not desire to do a work in behalf of all the people, 
because the church does not contain all of the people. 

There is a certain kind of religious teaching to be done 
for public school pupils that the state cannot do. I am 
sure that the Bible ought to be read in the public school as 
a public exercise, free, of course, of sectarian instruction. 
But this is not enough. The church college has a function 
to perform in behalf of the thousands of students that 
cannot possibly be performed by the state. It is therefore 
my firm conviction that no one kind of school, whether 
public or private, state or endowed, can provide all the 
youth of the country with all the education they require in 
order that they shall become ideal citizens." 
>* NOTE — In 1864, in a report made to the General 
Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, 
by Rev. Joseph R. Wilson, D. D., the father of the present 
President of the United States is the declaration : "Every 
candidate for the gospel ministry, does in sundering the ties 
which connected him with secular vocations, so far dedi- 
cates himself to the service of God in the church as entitles 
him to expect at her hands the education which he may yet 
need for that service ; and he is therefore not to be re- 
garded by the church or by himself in the light of an object 
of charity, but as a laborer already occupying a place in 
the field of ministerial duty." 

From the Baptist Board of Education Council of 
Churches : When Jesus Christ said to His disciples and 



through them to those who should beheve upon Him 
through their words, "Pray ye therefore the Lord of the 
Harvest that He, will send forth laborers into His Harvest." 
He made it the solemn duty of the church to raise up, 
qualify, and sustain a sufficient number of capable leaders 
for the w^ork of His Church. 

Almost every church in the United States today is 
facing the serious thought that there is a great need for 
larger numbers of suitable men for the Gospel IMinistry. 
While this condition remains, the church must be hindered 
in her progress and the glad day of universal knowledge of 
Christ delayed. 

To secure an adequate number of ministers in itself 
will not meet the requirements. We must have men of 
consecration breadth of view, who are thoroughly fur- 
nished in mind as well as heart for the great tasks they 
are called upon to perform. In these days of universal 
learning when even in the remote rural districts may be 
found graduates of our colleges, the men who are placed 
to lead the thought ard mould the life of their fellows must 
certainly be trained in the schools and seminaries. 

This brings the church face to face with another 
serious problem. IMost of those who offer themselves for 
the work of the ministry are from poor homes. Possibly 
we do not know all the reasons why it is true, but is never- 
theless the fact that God hath chosen "the poor in this 
world rich in faith." The cost of a four years' college 
course and three years of training in the theological semi- 
nary is very great. Alany of those who hear the call of 
God have not the means to provide themselves with this 
training. 

Some of the candidates for the ministry come from 
homes where the parents think they are poor. It is a sad 
fact that in many of the country homes possessed of broad 
fertile acres there is a feeling that learning is a luxury that 
can easily be dispensed with. 

A good way to spend an income of $50,000 a year 
would be to secure ten men at $5,000 apiece, strong, well- 
ec[uipped professors. If that were done, you could proba- 
bly send a large percentage, probably 90 per cent, of the 
students to the larger, richer institutions for their higher 
class w^ork. The time of transition from high school to 
college is the critical time of all. I believe the junior col- 
lege should give a degree, to be followed later by the 
Batchelor's degree, then, by the blaster's degree, and after 
that by the Doctor's degree. I would not feel sorry, as a 
Commissioner of Education, if you abolished all degrees 
tomorrow, and gave a certificate saying, "The student is 

17 



in good health, of good moral character, knowing about so 
much." Seventy-six per cent of all graduate students do- 
ing academic work are in twenty-Uve institutions and 
eighty-two per cent are in thirty-two or three institutions. 
There are a great many schools in this country spending a 
great deal of money for only two or three or foisr or a 
dozen students, for whose full education they are not at all 
equipped. Some colleges ought to be just graduate institu- 
tions and much professional work should be of the same 
kind. 

There could be a great deal of economy by a better 
understanding of entrance requirements. There should be 
fourteen full units agreed upon for entrance to the fresh- 
man class — four years of high school work, based upon 
eight years of elementary school work. A school is an or- 
ganism and must grow like any other organism. It cannot 
grow by piling up layers one upon another any more than 
a boy can grow in this way. God does not build a boy by 
making first a good pair of feet, and when they have grown 
putting on top of them a pair of legs, then superimposing 
a body and finally putting in heart and other vital organs 
and finishing off with a head, when the word is given, "Go, 
now, sonny, you are complete." 

There should be no doubling of points required for ad- 
mission. Work once satisfactorily done before college en- 
trance should not be required once again. 

There should be co-operation of the churches in pro- 
viding religious education in the state schools. There are 
too many denominations in this country, however, for the 
denominations to hope to have in every state a college for 
each one of their churches." 

Church Unity. — At the general convention of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church held in New York recently a 
resolution was introduced pledging the denomination to 
co-operate with the missionary boards of other churches. 
Debate on the proposition caused some discussion, in the 
course of which the Rev. Dr. Roland Cotton Smith said : 

"My only objection to the resolution is its utter inno- 
cence. I am sorry it came up. It is one of those things 
which ought to be taken for granted. It is a shame even 
to have to speak of it. Why, this poor, weak, little reso- 
lution hasn't strength enough to go across the street, and 
if I had my way I would make it go to China, to Japan, to 
Africa. 

"To think that there should be any question of our co- 
operating with these other Christian organizations whose 
great accomplishments in the mission field so often put us 
to shame ! 



18 



"The poor, little innocent thing ! I wish it had never 
come up. But since the poor little thing has come up, woe 
unto us if we kill it. Do you want the public, through the 
newspapers, to hold us up to ridicule? A nation-wide mis- 
sionary campaign is now in progress. Shall we decline to 
join this great movement out of ecclesiasticism into Chris- 
tianity ?" 

"The dream of the Congregational Church is the unity 
of the Church of Jesus Christ," said the Rev. Oliver 
Huckel, of Baltimore. 

The wisest method of church unity, said Dr. Huckel, 
is consolidation — an organic unity on terms of equality 
with the preservation of the valuable points in each com- 
munity, allowing all desired diversity in worship and work. 
Such a consolidation would lead to a great national church 
— the United Church of the United States, a part of the 
United Church throughout the world. 

Rev. Dr. Alvah S. Hobart, of Crozier Theological 
Seminary, on Church Unity : 

"No one who is in full sympathy with the purpose to 
advance the kingdom of Christ in the world can be indif- 
ferent to the matter of unity. But there are some elements 
of danger connected with the efforts to promote it that 
need consideration. The great motive for it should be the 
advancement of the kingdom rather than our particular 
part of the kingdom. It requires some discrimination to 
discover in ourselves whether the desire to promote it is or 
is not really a desire to profit by" the unity. If we are 
ready ot make sacrifice for it we may think we are in the 
right path. 

"One motive lies in the motive of economy to save our 
own pocketbooks. The union of churches or denomina- 
tions to save expense may be erroneous judgment. If the 
union is only for that it is liable to be only stinginess. 

Another danger lies in the love of greatness. To have 
a big church or a big denomination has its value, but the 
world is like a city, best lighted by many smaller lamp- 
post churches rather than big bonfire churches. And the 
development of individual powers is best brought about by 
other means than great organizations. Initiative and indi- 
vidual responsibility are the natural enemies to centralized 
organizations, and znce versa. It is not always sure that 
more good can be done by one big concern working har- 
moniouslv than by a concern in which there is now and 
then some earnest discussions. It has been said that the 
Baptists need an organization in which all the societies 
''head tip in one'' and in a ''Board that controls, and in 
which one man says the last word of authority." I very 

19 



much dissent from that view. I would not 'myself desire 
to be the man to take the responsibility to say that last 
word/ nor would I for a moment agree to hear as authority 
any other man's 'last word.' 

''The great test of all matters looking toward unity is 
this : Will this union bring about better hving as Christians, 
and help the missionary work of the churches? If it will 
and no vital truth is to be sacrificed, then by all means let 
union come. The union of the New Testament is not 
union of organizations, but union of spirit and purpose. 
Jesus prayed that His disciples might be one. That did 
not mean belong to one church nor be governed by one 
human center, but one in purpose and sympathy. 

"/ should faz'\or a union of this kindi: namely, each 
church now existing should recognize the others, exchange 
members and ministers on a common footing, if they main- 
tained a Christian life and would do something in the 
church. Where there is more work than one church can 
do I would have two ; and where there are more churches 
than work I would consolidate if the members were in love 
and fellowship. I would do away with all creeds except 
the creed of loving conduct and respect for the Bible and 
the Sabbath Day. As to the ministers, I would insist that 
they fill the apostolic requirements given in Timothy. 

*'If this sympathetic, non-competitive attitude of the 
churches be cultivated it will of itself soon banish unneces- 
sary churches and concentrate the efforts of the Christian 
people on aggressive work, and on the task of improving 
the quality of life in the world, rather than spend time, 
energy and money on what is only technical and selfish." 

The following report was '-ead by W. T. Lowery, of 
Mississippi, at the Baptist Southern Convention: 

"God believes in cd novation. Without going back to 
the magnificently educated Moses, or the splendidly cultured 
Daniel, or pausing to quote inspired words ,from the Old 
Testament, let us start with Christ. When He came to 
plant new ideas among a people given over to formality, it 
is true that He chose simple fishermen who were free from 
the technicalities and settled prejudices that had come from 
false education of the day, but He gave these fishermen 
three years of training under the best teacher that earth or 
Heaven could furnish. Moreover, at the crisis of the 
Kingdom, when He wanted a man who was to write half 
the books of the New Testament and carry the Gospel to 
Europe, whence it was to reach America, whence it was to 
reach the world. He laid hold upon the best educated young 
man in Palestine, if not in the Roman Umpire. 

20 



"Every man's duty is first to accept Christ, and, sec- 
ond, to develop into Christ-likeness. Our duty as workers 
is first to win sinners to Christ and, second, to win Chris- 
tians to Christ-likeness. 

"To be God-like is not only to have love, but also to 
have knowledge and wisdom and skill. We worship a 
good God, but He is also a strong and wise God. To your 
faith add virtue, and to virtue knowledge. And this, I 

pray, that your love may abound in knowledge and 

in all discernment. Go ye and make disciples 

teaching them. Then shall we know, even as we are 
known. Thank God for a heaven where we can hope for 
perfection in knowledge as well as in goodness. 

"Oh ! but, says one, that refers to Bible knowledge. 

"First, I would say Bible knowledge cannot stand 
alone. How much of the Bible could you know if you 
knew nothing else ? 

" But, second, all truth is God's truth, and all laws are 
God's laws, and knowledge of whatever God has said or 
done or purposed will help evangelization and growth. 

"If we hope to bring the world to the foot of the Cross 
and the glory of the/ Crown, let us not undervalue our 
eductaional work ; for all Christian education is theological, 
whether it be dealing with God's truth in the classroom 
of systematic theology at the seminary or with God's truth 
in the scientific laboratory at the college. 

"In conclusion your committee would express four 
opinions : 

"1. There ought to be at least one absolutely first- 
class college in every state within the bounds of this con- 
vention ; more than one if conditions justify, but at least 
one, conditions or no conditions, and that one first class. 

"2. Every Baptist College ought to be, and every 
true Baptist College is, both evangelical and educative 
among its own students. Alas! for that college which 
passes a single session and leaves all its unconverted stu- 
dents still unconverted. And, alas for that college whose 
Christian students return home at the close of the session 
to be less useful to their churches than they were before 
they left. 

"3. In order that the above may be true, the denom- 
ination ought to have such control of its colleges as will 
make speedy correction possible where the college begins 
to verge from the doctrine or spirit of the New Testament. 

"4. The Baptist pastor who does not keep himself 
informed as to the educational interests of his denomina- 
tion, and who does rot take a deep, abiding and intelligent 
interest in the same, needs to grow in grace and in the 
knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." 

21 



Southern Baptist Convention — the Bible — One of the 
crying needs of our clay among Christians is direct, sys- 
tematic and continuous Bible study. Say what you will, 
the Bible is now and will continue to be our greatest means 
of spiritual enlightenment. Not the sermon, nor the 
service, nor religious literature, nor the denominational pa- 
per, but the Bible, is the supreme need of our spiritual 
lives. All those are good and important, but the Bible is 
essential. It is God's most important message to the soul. 
If this be true, it is not at all strange that many of our 
church members are sickly and not a few asleep, for they 
do not use their Bibles. This is not because they are worse 
than the Christians of a few generations in the past, but 
is the result of the conditions that now obtain in our in- 
tellectual and religious lives. In the seventeenth and 
eighteenth centuries the Bible had almost no rival in the 
way of good, popular English literature. Now the daily 
paper, the illustrated weeklies and monthlies and the flood 
of popular books that pour from the presses constitute a 
serious menace to Bible reading. It is an old book more 
or less familiar to all ; the rest is new and novel and 
arouses cruiosity. Very much of this hterature is good in 
itself and cannot be opposed on the ground of its own in- 
trinsic worthlessness or hurtfulness. Its very excellencies 
become a serious hindrance to Bible reading. In pious 
and intelligent homes it lies on the centertable beside the 
Bible, and some exercise of will, backed by conscience 
and a sense of spiritual need, is required. to resist the plea 
of curiosity and novelty and give the old book the attention 
it deserves. 

Bible School — As at present organized and equipped, 
constitutes the church's most worthful, far-reaching, and 
permanent educational force. (Report for 1912, page 4.) 
Its possibilities for future growth and usefulness are bound- 
less, and the agencies now at work, both denominational 
and interdenominational, to expand its influence and power, 
are a direct challenge to every Christian worker. The 
recognition of this potential agency for religious education 
is now almost universal among churches of every creed. 
The Bible School is the one place where everyone con- 
nected either directly or indirectly with the local church 
can be of immediate use. Every personal talent or endow- 
ment can find here an avenue for activity, and a live, up- 
to-date Bible School will discover such ability and wisely 
employ it. 

Fiirthcr : Whereas the International Lesson Committee 
is about to take up the question of arranging a new cycle 
of lessons for the Sunday schools, and whereas, there is 
widespread demand that the International Uniform Lessons 

22 



may be made more effective and at the same time better 
adapted to the growing denominational emphasis in Sunday 
School work, therefore, be it 

Rcsoh'cd, That we request the said International Les- 
son Committee : 

1st. To so construct the lesson scheme of the New 
cycle as to better meet the needs of the Sunday schools 
under the direction of the various denominational Sunday 
School agencies. 

2d. To consider the practicability and advisability of 
outlining a more systematic method of studying the Bible 
by topics, characters and periods rather than by detached 
passages. 

3d. To consider, in view of the insistent demand of 
our own people, that lessons shall be made more effective 
in teaching fundamental Christian truths in a systematic 
and direct way, (1) whether the various series of lessons 
cannot be so arranged as to include a series of topics upon 
fundamental Christian truths common to all denominations, 
and which each particular denomination may adopt in 
phraseology to its own needs ; or, if this be found imprac- 
ticable, (2) to prepare such outlines for continuous Bible 
study as will group this particular kind of lessons for study 
during a part of the year, and construct for the rest of 
the year a course which the denomination may adopt to 
their own needs without interfering with the orderly study 
of those portions which deal in a systematic way with the 
Bible history. 

It is said there is no better institution for the evangeli- 
zation of the world than the Bible School. The business of 
the school is to strengthen the kingdom of Christ by cre- 
ating efficiency in service. The school is the Held, the 
teacher is the sower, the gospel is the seed. Converts and 
good government is the harvest. 

The shaping of human events and the destiny of na- 
tions is largely committed to the Bible School. The Bible 
School is the greatest organization for the spread of the 
kingdom of God in this generation. The teacher who is 
not conscious of his opportunity has never caught a vision 
of his possibilities. 

Gospel is Slighted in Bible Lessons — If the Interna- 
tional Sunday School Lesson Committee keeps on eliminat- 
ing the things which the Presbyterian Church stands for, 
there will not be enough gospel left in the Bible school 
lessons to save the gizzard of a mosquito. This was the 
opinion expressed by Rev. R. F. Sunzer at the last session 
of the conference of the Presbyterian missionaries on Bible 
school work here. He w^as atacking what he termed the 
Bible School Trust.— N. Y. Press. 

23 



OUR YOUNG PEOPLE. 

By Wm. T. Ellis — What the supreme, court of the 
church says is less important than what the young people 
of the church are thinkir^g and doing. 

Ecclesiastical enactments will never transform society. 
But new purposes in the heart of youth may. Wise states- 
manship in religion would concentrate more and more upon 
the church's children and young people. We can afford 
to ignore many of our present problems if only we may 
assure their solution by the next generation. It appears 
eminently reasonable that Christian leaders should focus 
more attention upon the work of the Young People's 
Societies and the Bible schools. 

Both politics and religion have a big stake in the 
training of the young. Let any single generation be easily 
imbued with a dominant idea concerning citizenship or 
church membership, and it will in time make over the 
whole order according to this thinking. At the present 
moment efforts are afoot to quicken the activity of Chris- 
tian endeavor along lines of good citizenship. If a flaming 
knightly passion of patriotism fires the heart of these young 
people throughout the land we may expect immediate re- 
sults in the realm of good citizenship. 

What the young people today are thinking about the 
men and women of tomorrow will be doing. 

We have not nearly enough men with sound health, 
with warm social sympathies, men with sufficient mental 
capacity to take training, men of common sense and genuine 
Christian character. Give us a more adequate supply of 
such men and we will serd you leaders worthy to sit on 
ti^'ck'c thrones of power. 

IMPORTANT, IF TRUE. 

Rev. Dr. A. C. Hill, of London, England, in a strik- 
ing lecture in Chicago, said that Americans are losing their 
religion, and will, within the space of a century, become a 
Pagan nation, if there is not a speedy and complete return 
to the fnndaiiicntal principles of Christianity. Paganizing 
tendencies are ])lainly discernible today. Their conversa- 
tion was nothing but baseball from 7 to 10 o'clock. There 
was not one game played last season in which they could 
not explain every point. But not one could quote tzvo 
verses of the Nezir Testainefit. 

"We remember fifty years ago there was not a Wednes- 
(la\- or Saturday night but tliere were prayer meetings and 

24 



Bible classes at many homes in every neighborhood, also 
singing classes. The old and the young would meet at the 
different homes, have prayer, read the Word, comment on 
it, instructions imparted, and the young converts would 
learn to pray. They were confiding audiences, who were 
ready to receive implicitly all that was taught. The neg- 
lect of these meetings has proved most disastrous as well 
as inexcusable. The Bible class in those days met at some 
farmhouse, recited the lesson on hand, compared notes, 
and talked the lesson over. They acquired knowledge and 
it brought the friends of the Lord together, and, with good 
singing, they proved pleasant and joyful meetings. 

These meetings were for devotion, spiritual exercise, 
edification and instruction, and those wanting those things 
would all be there, as well as all those who could edify 
and instruct. Day after day all the young folk would be 
humming hymns and spiritual songs. But we are sorry to 
say to the thousands of North Americans that those days 
have passed away. 

The fanmers' sons and daughters within four or five 
miles of the city are taking in the moving picture shows, 
theaters dances, card parties, saloons and clubs. At Chris- 
tian homes there are as many as three or four dances and 
card parties during the winters. Now, instead of hearing 
the young men and women humming hymns and spiritual 
songs, we hear the hiun of the two-step and the points of 
the nezu dances explained, or some new game of cards. 

For ten years we question if we have heard one word 
of a religious nature, but many slurs at religion, and yet 
all the young men and the young women claim to be mem- 
bers of some church. We say, without fear of contradic- 
tion, that the young and rising generation has become tired 
of religion. They are not soldiers of the Cross, nor fol- 
lozi^ers of the Lamb. They fear to own His cause and 
blush to speak His name." 

CHURCH LIFE— A REPORT— NORTHERN BAP- 
TIST CONVENTION. 

Your Commission has spent much time and energy 
on some phases of church life and activity which it is not 
yet ready to present in this report. It is a marvelous fact 
that we have advanced so far in church development with- 
out having solved some of the everyday problems. 

1st. The church as a field for service, witli all possi- 
ble activities for all classes and conditions of men, women, 
and children, has engaged our thought and efforts during 
the past year, but we are not yet ready to make a pro- 
nouncement. 



25 



2d. The whole subject of worship, especially as car- 
ried out in the preaching services, deserves the most 
searching investigation. We are persuadel that the plans, 
more often the lack of comprehensive plans, of the pastor 
for this service are responsible for the suggestive resigna- 
tions, to mention the least harm of many following the 
lack of a well-thought-out scheme in our churches today. 
Your Commission expects to have something to report on 
this topic in the near future. 

3d. Another theme that is receiving the careful at- 
tention of a special subcommittee is the family, its place 
and function in the local church and community. How do 
the new social demands affect its character? What are we 
to demand and to expect of it as touching the prosperity of 
the local church? 

MORAL ISSUES— STATISTICAL. 
WHITE SLAVE TRAFFIC. 

On the extent of the traffic the Woman's World says: 
The disgraceful facts are these : Some 65,000' daugh- 
ters of American homes and 15,000 alien girls are the prey 
each year of procurers in this traffic, according to authori- 
tative estimates. Even marriage is used as one of the 
diabolical methods of capturing girlhood and young 
womanhood, and breaking them into a life of shame. They 
are hunted, trapped in a thousand ways; trapped, wing- 
broken, sold — sold for less than hogs — and held in white 
slavery worse than death. The daughters of all of us, our 
sisters, even our wJves are looked upon as prey for the 
white slave traffic. 

"The Light/' a magazine, has this to say : 
There are 300,000 fallen girls and women in homes of 
shame in this country. They liave been gotten there 
through the trickery and wiles of those engaged in the 
traffic in girls and the environments resulting from the 
immoral condition of society. Their average life is but 
five years; thus 60,000 girls are dragged down to this life 
every year ; 5,000 every month ; 170 every day ; or a 
young life blasted in our blessed land every eight mimctes. 
There are over two million fallen boys -and men in our 
country ; or a boy ruined every two minutes. Is it not 
appalling? 

United States District Attorney Bdwin W. Sims, Chi- 
cago, says : 

There are some things so far removed from the lives 
of normal, decent people as to be simply unbelievable by 
them. The zvhite slave trade of today is one of these in- 

26 



credible things. The cahiiest, simplest statements of its 
facts are almost beyond the comprehension or belief of 
men and women who are mercifully spared from contact 
with the dark and hideous secrets of the underworld of the 
i:ig cities. 

You would hardly credit the statement, for example, 
that things are being done every day in New York, Phila- 
delphia, Chicago, and other large cities of this country in 
the white slave traffic which would, by contrast, make the 
Congo slave traders of the old days appear like "good 
Samaritans." Yet this figure is almost a literal truth. 
The man of the stone age who clubbed the woman of his 
desire into insensibility or submission was little short of a 
high-minded gentleman when contrasted with the men who 
fatted upon the white slave traffic in this day of social 
settlements, of forwaid movements, of Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association and Christian Endeavor activities, or air- 
ships and wireless telegraphy. 

It is only necessary to say that the legal evidence thus 
far collected establishos with complete moral certainty 
these awful facts : That the white-slave traffic is a system — 
in effect, a syndicate which has its ramifications from the 
Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean, with clearing houses 
or distributing centers in nearly all of the larger cities ; 
that in this ghastly traffic the buying price of a young girl 
is $15, and that the selling price is generally $200 — if .the 
girl is especially attractive the white-slave dealer may be 
able to sell her for $400 or $600; that this syndicate did 
not make less than $200,000 last year in this almost un- 
thinkable commerce ; that it is virtually a definite organiza- 
tion, sending its hunters regularly to scour France, Ger- 
many, Hungary, Italy, and Canada for victims, that the 
man at the head of this unthinkable enterprise is known 
among his hunters as "The Big Chief." 

When we recall Dr. Prince A. Morrow's estimate, 
quoted by Dr. Howard A. Kelly in a, paper read before 
the American Medical Association, that 450,000 American 
young men make the plunge into the moral sewers every 
year, do we care? 

The Lyceum World for March, 1911 says: 
And let us remember that it is not only the ignorant 
girl wh\o is the easy prey. Vice is claiming the very best 
girls of education, refinement, and training. Among the 
white slaves you can find girls who hold college diplomas; 
you can find musicians; you can find girls who sang in 
church choirs; who taught Sunday schools; you can find 
girls zv'ho zvere members of churches. The procurer goes 
after them all, rich and poor, refined and ignorant, girls 

27 



and widozvs, just as lo'Hg as they can be sold at a good 
profit. 

D. F, Sutherland, A. B., of Red Water,- Texas, who 
spent four years' time and $6,000 investigating tlie white- 
slave trade, has this to say in his book : 

There is one thing I want the reader to know, before 
I proceed any further, and that is out of the 300,000 girls 
and women now in houses of ill fame, three out of every 
four of them are not there from choice, not there of their 
own free will and accord, but they are there as the work 
of some villain. Over 40,000 of them are annually 
trapped and sold into this slavery and, without their knowl- 
edge or consent, sold for immoral purposes by fiends in- 
carnate. Over 400,000 pure and innocent girls trapped 
and sold in ten years. This is the truth. Does it not 
make your blood boil? You ask me how this is done and 
what are the means employed ? I am going to tell you. 
This destruction of our girls is carried on by some one or 
more of the following ways or channels: 

First, by promise of marriage and seduction ; second, 
by mock marriage ; third by marriage . and desertion ; 
fourth, by saloons and wine rooms; hfth by the dance and 
high zvines; sixth, by drugs ; seventh, by bad and vile com- 
panions ; eighth, by children not being properly instructed 
by their parents at an early age in life ; and, ninth, by 
sfarzmtion zvoyes. 

Even from boyhood the Pacific Ocean heathen traffick- 
ers bring Asiatic maidens for Chicago's market for girls. 
Some of these young women, with whom I have conversed 
very carefully, are native Christians, lured from heathen- 
dom into this so-called Christian civilization of ours. 

American, European, and Asiatic girls are the prey 
of these wild beasts, and American, European, and Asiatic 
young men are steadilv exploited to the destruction of the 
girls and themselves. Many of the sworn officers of the 
Go.vernment find pleasure and infamous gain in protecting 
these detestable corrupters of youth, these most loathsome 
of all criminals — criminals agairst the whole human race. 
Such politicians deserve to be made cellmates in the peni- 
tentiary with the traffickers. 

In every center of vice we find the owners of old 
tumble-down rookeries, insanitary tenements, dilapidated 
shanties, and cheaply constructed flats, to he the original 
grafters, the parasites who a'e growing- fat on the sacrifice 
of woman's virtue and men's honor. Pro]:ierties which 
could not be rented for legitimate purposes for ten dollars 
a month will realize $150 to $200 a n^onth. We have seen 
buildings erected on the crib system, containing from 75 

28 



to 200 little pigsties, for which each slave victim had to 
pay three dollars per day for the privilege of being in- 
fected with the vilest diseases and the opportunity of fill- 
ing a dishonored grave in some potter's field. 

Again Senator T. J. Brooks, of Tennessee : 

Mr. Speaker, this bill strikes at that class — these profit 
mongers who would coin blood into gold. 

W^e allow, by payment of fines, the prize money of 
debauchery to be perpetually offered as a premium on vice. 
Did Sodom sink lower? Could Gomorrali do worse? 

Did the meek ard lozdy Prinec of Peace scourge 
money changers from the Temple who were of better re- 
pute than this class? 

When he said, "Ye are whitened sepulchers full of 
rotten men and dead men's bones," was he addressing a 
worse class? When John the Baptist exclaimed, "Ye 
generation of vipers !'' was he speaking to a worse element 

From the moral standpoint this bill should pass. Take 
the standard of morals in any nation, and you can gauge 
the power, the prestige, and the progress of that country. 
Look at India with her moral standard and see what she 
has to show the w^orld for her long line of history. Con- 
sider China with her teeming millions. Examine her 
standard of morah and find therein the secret of the fact 
that she is called a heathen country. With a history ante- 
dating that of any other nation, she is today the football 
of international politics, because of the lozv moral standards 
she has tolerated these thousands of years. Yea, go to 
Europe in the heart of modern civilization, and look at the 
standard of morals in France, ard therein find the secret 
of why France is dying at the top and trying legislative 
experiments to encourage an increase in her population, as 
a result of race suicide due*to moral degeneracy. France 
has tolerated, practiced, and encouraged a standard of 
morals repulsive to the higher ideals of Anglo-Saxon civil- 
ization, and in her moralitv is to be read her decline and 
fan. 

From the standpoint of posterity this bill should pass. 
If there is anything that this generation owes to the next, it 
is to be allowed to come into the world unloaded with the 
curses of our own misspent lives. Think of it. Sixty per 
cent of our kind are born defective or deformed as 
against only ten per cent, of the beasts of the field. The 
source of power is biological, and the hope of progress is 
in hi;2;h standards of living. It is our duty as statesmen 
to so frame the prudential rules by which we are gov- 
erned as to make it easy to live right and difficiilt to live 
wro'-g. I 1)elieve with all the power of conviction, wdth 

29 



every fiber of my being, that the spirit and intent and 
result of this measure is in keeping with the sentiment 
expressed in the greatest prayer ever prayed — that model 
given to the world for all the ages to come, wherein it 
says : '^Lead us not into temptation/' 

The 300,000 engaged in this awful traffic in the United 
States makes an army larger than was ever marshaled by 
any general during any war this country has ever had. 
And in the very prime of life these 300,000 produce noth- 
ing and are a total loss to the productive industry of so- 
ciety. At $1 a day for 300 work days in the year, it 
amounts to an economic loss of $90,000,000, to say noth- 
ing of others who live off of them and who are worse than 
idle, following vicious lives and being a menace to the 
human race. 

In the city of Chicago after a careful investigation by 
a committee appointed to investigate the immoral condi- 
tions of said city, they reported that approximately 5,000 
of the daughters of Eve were sacrificed annually on this 
altar, and estimated that the commercial and moral sacri- 
fice amounted to at least $5,000,000. Think of the awful- 
ness and hideousness of^ this great traffic in human life — a 
soul — in one of the large cities of the United States alone, 
in a land of Christian civilization. Laxity in moral condi- 
tions opens up a wide field along educational lines if we 
are to develop a perfect manhood and womanhood. 

Against these greater black plagues there is no natural 
immunity ; we are all susceptible ; mere contact with the 
virus infects us. The wife and the unborn child have then 
no protection against them except freedom from the disease 
in the husband and father. 

The common weal demands and the commonwealth 
provides protection for wife anl child against death and 
mutilation bv the husband's violence; it should demand 
and provide protection against the far more frequent death 
and mutilation through tlie husband's sin against society. 

According to statistics, at least half the adult male 
l)opulation of all social grades in our cities contracts these 
diseases. 

Where one woman is maimed or killed by the 1)rutal 
violence of her husband a score are maimed or killed l:i)- the 
diseases contracted from their husband. 

Where o^Jic child is blinded liy tlie brutality of the 
father, perhaps 50 lose their eyesight at birth through the 
disease of the mother contracted from the father. There 
are at least 10,000 such victims among cmr l)lin(] fellow- 
citizens. 

Where our cliild is crii)])le(l througli the neglect or 
\i()lenre of the father, i)erliai)s a linndred are maimed or 

30 



even destroyed before birth through the taint of his disease. 

A considerable percentage (the data necessary for 
exact statement do not exist) of the idiotic, imbecile, and 
insane in our charitable institutions are a curse to them- 
selves and a burden to the ccn^nnuiity tlirough the taint 
implanted before their birth. 

The Congress of the United States, viewing the enor- 
mity of this trafhc, apropriated $425,000 during the present 
fiscal year ending June 30, 1914, for the detection of crime, 
$175,000 of which was set apart by the Department of 
Justice to suppress this great zvhite slave traffic. 

The following resohifion was adopted by the Baptist 
State Convention in session at Vinton, Iowa, November 
17-30, 1909: 

Third. We recognize the efficiency of the injunction 
law enacted by the last legislature in eliminating districts 
of vice which were run in many of our cities by official 
sanction and were responsible for the white-slave traffic 
and are grateful that Iowa now occupies an enviable 
position in having no segregated district of vice within 
her borders. Appreciating the beneficial effects of this 
new departure in legislation, we recommend it to other 
States and communities as an effective and positive remedy 
for the social evil and the white-slave traffic and urge all 
lovers of good government in this State to see that the 
law^ is enforced. 

TEMPERANCE. 

From the United States Census Reports we gather 
that the population of the United States and outlying- 
provinces is fixed at 100,000,000, round numbers. In the 
United States and said provinces the liquor consumed an- 
nually per capita is estimated at two and a half gallons ; 
the money value or investments at twelve and a half billions 
of dollars. 245,000 saloons are responsible for three deaths 
to each saloon. 

The productive wealth of the United States is esti- 
mated at $32,000,000,000. The estimated loss to the 
United States caused by alcoholic traffic, 21 per cent, or 
$8,500,000'. 

Estimated value of alcohol consumed annually, $2,000,- 
000,000. Pauperism, jails, immorality, disease, crime, and 
court expenses, $2,000,000,000, or a total loss to the coun- 
try of more than twelve billions and a half of dollars 
annually, exceeding the total expenditure of four years of 
our late war between the states by nine billions of dollars. 

There are 20,000,000 of tipplers, 4,000,000 of heavy 
drinkers, and 1,000,000 of confirmed drunkards, or a total 

31 



of 25,000,000 of the population of the United States who 
are on the road to a drunkard's grave. 

Insurance statistics inform us that out of every 62,000 
of our population, 1,000 die annually from the effects of 
alcohol; and as we contemplate the awful result of this 
traffic in human life, the crimes, pauperism, imbecility, lust, 
passion, idleness, court expenses, laxity in our morals, 
divorce decrees, jails, penitentiaries, and asylums, do we 
realize that the ranks of this great army of lost sovUs are 
recruited from our young men and young women, our girls 
ard boys, one-half of whom commence drinking before they 
are twenty-one years of age, and one-third of whom before 
the age of sixteen. 

In 1,000 deaths it is known that 560 died from all 
causes except alcohol, 440 died from the effects of alcoholic 
drinking. 

The War College in the city of Washington has made 
an official statement that in the wars of all nations since 
500 years before the Christiani era down to the Russo- 
Japanese war, there were 2,800,000 lives sacrificed by dis- 
ease, fevers, wounds, and death ; 800,000 of whom were 
killed in battle, in a period of 2,500 years ; and in one year 
in the United States 750,000 lives were ruined or destroyed 
by alcohol. And yet in the language of that grand old 
prophet Jeremiah, "My people^ saying peace, peace ^ zvhen 
there is ho peace.'' 

The revenue derived largely from alcoholic liquors and 
tobacco in the United States alone last year amounted to 
$321,536,107. No wonder it takes two years or more to 
pass an excise law for the benefit of the District of Colum- 
bia. An income tax of $100,000,000 that touches the 
pocket is a burden ; a tax that reaches the stomach, de- 
l^auches the home and good citizenship, finally to die die 
death of the doomed and the damned is a "thing of beauty 
and a joy forever'' in governmental financing and revenue 
getting. 

Again, another enemy to human life. Facts that we 
should know, a condition and not a theory, with which the 
church must contend is the war footing of this nation. 
The a|)propriations by Congress for the fiscal years 1911, 
1912, and 1913 for Vll purposes amount to $1,756,121,- 
167.94. For military purposes, of the above appropriation, 
$195,596,191.46. For naval ecjuipment, of above appropri- 
ation, $249,699,045.72, or a total for the army and navv 
of $445,295,237.18. 

Agricultural ap])ropriations for the same time, in the 
interest of peace and prosperity of our country — same ap- 
pro])riation — amount to $33,551,512, or not 10 per cent for 
war preparations. 

32 



In the Navy of the United States July 1, 1912, tliere 
were vessels of all kinds for military purposes, 328; under 
construction, 64; or a total of 387 fighting machines in our 
navy. The strength of the personnel of the navy July 1. 
1912, was 50,599 enlisted men ; of the Marine Corps, 9,567 ; 
of Naval Militia, 6,592. 

The Army. — The strength of the army July 1, 1912: 
Total number of enlisted men, 87,965 ; of NationaHzed 
State Mihtia, there were 108,816; of officers there were 
9,142 ; or a total military force of 203,923. 

Another questioi which enters into our social and re- 
ligious life, the home and the state, and puts up to the 
church of the ever-living God a grave problem for solution, 
is the laxity of our divorce laws and the immorality of the 
system, a handmaid of the great white slave traffic. I sin- 
cerely believe the looseness of our marital relations stands 
as an open door to the toboggan slide of the red light 
maw for thousands of our young men and women. My 
brother, my sister, listen. From the years 1887 to 1906 
there were 12,832,044 marriages in continental United 
States. The number of divorces for the same period was 
945,623, the largest percentage of which was in the state 
of Illinois, 82,209; the smallest in the state of Utah, 4,670. 

The percentage of divorce in the United States is 95 
per 100,000 population. In some countries in Europe the 
percentage runs as high as 213 to the 100,000 population. 
The largest single cause for divorce in the United States is 
desertion. 

ILLITERACY IN THE U. S., 1910. 

The percentage ten years of age and over of the entire- 
population is 10.7 per cent — Colored excluded it is 7 7-10 
per cent. The Negro States, 44 5-10 per cent. Foreign 
excluded it is 6 2-10 per cent. 

The alien immigrant next invites our attention. 
They migrate to our shores from Europe, Asia, and 
Africa ; and this forms another great problem for solution 
in which the church has a part. These immigrants mus' 
be assimilated, educated, and civilized. They come largely 
from non-Protestant countries — Southern Europe. For the 
past ten years at the rate of one million a year. Last year 
838,172 were admitted. There were 16,057 rejected for 
idiocy, imbecility, immorality and crime. Since 1820 lO 
1912, inclusive, there have immigrated into the United 
States — a period of 93 years — in round numbers, more 
than thirt\ millions^ bringing with them peculiar notions of 
personal liberty, buttressed for centuries with ignorance, 
superstition and heresy — inimical to our own limitations, 

33 



constitutional privileges, civil and religious liberty ; 83 per 
cent of whom can neither read nor write; 77 per cent of 
whom are over 45 years of age ; 50 per cent of whom 
brought with them less than Hfty dollars per capita. As 
another has said : ''If we could shut our eyes to that com- 
ing jflood, or dam it out, the present tide is so overwhelm- 
ing that failure heartily to co-operate with genuine Chris- 
tians of every name in attempting to meet it would be near 
insanity. The task requires every possible contingent of 
the Christian forces, even the poorly uniformed, the badly 
fed and the over officered. Merely to do our denomina- 
tional share will tax us beyond anything that most of our 
people have dreamed in their moments of highest ambi- 
tion. Those now escaping from the remnants of European 
absolutism in church and state may naturally find what 
they most long for in our extremely democratic churches. 
It is perhaps an indication of our fitness to meet their needs 
that, according to the last Unitel States census of religious 
bodies (1910), we had a larger percentage of foreign- 
speaking members than any other well-known denomina- 
tion. Congregationalists, 5.4 per cent; Disciples, 0.01 per 
cent ; Northern Baptists, 6.3 per cent ; Northern Methodists, 
3.3 per cent ; Northern Presbyterians, 3.5 per cent ; Pro- 
testant Episcopals, 2.8 per cent ; Unitarians, 0.3 per cent ; 
United Presbyterians ,0.4 per cent. So it is more signifi- 
cant to look forward. What of the rising generation? 
The United States Immigration Commission made a minute 
study in the public schools of thirty-seven cities. They 
found 57 per cent of the pupils to be of foreign birth or 
foreign born parents. 

The question arises whether these may not imbibe the 
Biblical ideals, even though the Bible is not taught in the 
public schools. Teachers count for more than text books. 
Nearly one-half of the teachers in the cities investigated 
are of foreign birth or parentage (48.6 per cent). 

All EvangeUcal Christians agree that the Bible is the 
greatest channel of liberating thought, religious authority 
and moral energy. Many bodies of Christians have also 
other authoritative statements. We have but one. This 
one is the slieet anchor of the form of government which 
has reached its largest development as the United States 
of America. It is said that in one of the largest cities 72 
per cent of the school teachers belong to a sect in which the 
Bible is not an open book. Our people, in common with 
others, must awake from the slumber of complacency and 
look into the new situation keenly, studying it with thor- 
oughness and praying for the endurement of Almighty 
grace to meet it. 

Now, confronted as we are with the statement that 

34 



80 per cent of the Sunday school scholars are lost to the 
church ; that eight millions, or over one-third of our chil- 
dren of the United States are receiving no religious train- 
ing; that our Sunday schools fail to keep the children 
allied with the religious work of the church ; that there 
are ten millions of our population who have no Bible; and 
sixty millions non-Christian; and the failure to hold the 
boys and girls in the church is the darkest cloud on our 
horizon. There appears to be more interest in the world's 
series baseball games than in the spiritual welfare of the 
boys and girls. 

But, brother, sister, over against such a pessimistic, 
Israelitish wail we put not only He who thundered from 
Mount Sinai "I am the Lord thy God," but the power, the 
grace, the potency of 250 millions of dollars in one year 
devoted to religious purposes ; and for charitable and 
benevolent purposes, home missions, etc., forty millions of 
dollars ; and also $17,665,445 for religious education. In 
a century 325 million of Bibles have been printed and 
published in approximately four himdred different lan- 
guages and dialects and distributed ;' with two hundred 
thousand under-shepherds in the United States ; two hun- 
dred thousand churches, temples, etc. — places of worship ; 
with a seating capacity of sixty millions; with a valuation 
of $1,365,000,000; with 215,000 rehgious organizations; 
with forty million confessors and believers in the Christ, 
of which the Baptists have nearly 55,000 organizations ; 
with a membership approximating eight millions; with a 
valuation of church property of 150 millions ; with 215 uni- 
versities, colleges and seminaries ; with 51,000 church edi- 
fices — we take hope. 

In the District of Columbia there are twent3^-three 
white Baptist .church organizations, including missions. 
There are sixty-two colored organizations. The total mem- 
bership is 38,000 ; eight thousand of whom are white. At 
the present time we have 21 ministers of the gospel and 
two vacant pastorates. The valuation of our church prop- 
erty in the District is $1,375,000. The church contribu- 
tions for the year 1913 were $149,000. Of Baptist Bible 
schools in the District, white and colored, there are ninety ; 
officers and teachers, 1,245 ; scholars, 14,000. The total con- 
tributions from the latest report, representing all our Bap- 
tist interests in our schools, were $23,000. We have 
twenty-seven w^hite Baptist school organizations ; officers, 
230 ; teachers, 548 ; scholars, approximately, 8,000 ; con- 
tributions, $15,000. 

Baptist Bible schools in the United States number 
45,178 ; officers and teachers, 325,000 ; scholars, approxi- 
mately three millions ; Sunday school contributions, ap- 

35 



proximating several millions of dollars. Of Bible or Sun- 
day schools in the United States there are 188,000; officers 
and teachers, 1,855,000 ; scholars, 25,000,000. 

In the Young Men's Christian Associations there are 
five hundred thousand members ; their property valuation is 
sixty millions. 

Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor — There 
are 74,000 organizations, having a membership of 3,717,000. 

Epworth Leagues — With an organization of eighteen 
thousand and a membership of 327,000. 

Baptist Young People's Society — With an organization 
of 17,551 ; with a membership of 230,000. 

In the United States there are 2,605 universities, col- 
leges and seminaries, with 503,000 students. 

There are 2,600 hospitals, sanitariums and asylums, 
with 500,000 patients. 

The total value of all these institutions, contributions, 
etc., amounts to three hundred millions of dollars ; two hun- 
dred and forty millions of which is devoted to educational 
purposes ; sixty millions for asylums, benevolence and 
elymosenary institutions. Of the three hundred millions, 
the Baptists of the United States contribute sixty million 
dollars. 

In the year 1913 the Baptist denomination dedicated 
247 churches, the cost of which was $1,600,745. 

Philanthropic gifts and donations in the year 1913 
amounted to 135 milhons. 

To civilize and Christianize the American Indian in 
the last one hundred years we have contributed $475,000,- 
000. How much for mission's f 

To the pensioner of the United States in the last one 
hundred years we have paid $4,075,056,509.81. Hozv much 
for missions? 

For territorial expansion since 1803, the time of the 
Louisiana purchase, we have expended $87,039,768. Hozv 
much for missions? 

For the Panama Canal, $349,505,223; cost $400,000,- 
000. Hozv much for missions? 

For the conservation of our public domain, $37,500,- 
000, 1913. Hozv much for the suppression^ of the liquor 
traffic? 

For rivers and harbors (the *'pork barrel") in one 
year $60,000,000; and for the Baptist ministers of the 
United States for one year $4,405,083 for salaries in the 
United States for 1912, an average salary to each 'minister 
annually in the cities of $1,450. Outside of the cities: 
Baptists, North, $883; South, $334. Average salary of 
our Baptist ministry, $889 — and $15,000 to a baseball artist 
for sez'cu mouths' service. 

36 



The population of the country has increased in ten 
years twenty per cent. The population of the Pacific Coast 
States has increased seventy per cent. The membership 
of the Baptist churches has increased ninety-three per cent. 
Church buildings have increased forty-four per cent. Con- 
tributions to missions : 277 for State missions, 249 for for- 
eign missions, ard 574 for home missions, an average in- 
crease in ten years of 301 per cent. Baptist church prop- 
erty values have grown $3,695,000 in ten years. 

100 years ago o;/*: person out of every forty-two was 
a Baptist; seventy years ago one out of every thirty; thirty 
years ago one out of every twenty-one, and today one out 
of every sixteen is a Baptist. 

In the District of Columbia there are 300 religious 
organizations ; 300 churches and synagogues, with a seat- 
ing capacity of 150,000 ; valued at $12,000,000 ; a member- 
ship of 145,000 ; of this membership 33 per cent are Catho- 
lics, 29 per cent are Baptists, 15 per cent are Methodists, 
the remaining percentage going to all other denominations. 
In the District of Columbia only 44 per cent of the popula- 
tion are church members. 

NOTE. 

What the church needs along educational lines is a 
moral uplift. 

Christian homes are more useful than Christian rescue 
missions. It is better to repair fences than to repair 
wrecks. 

Both state and church are better served by the making 
of Tiomes than by the making of speeches. 

The only theological seminary ever attended by the 
world's greatest teacher of religion was a Nazareth car- 
penter's shop. 

EDUCATIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS. 

Keep the show^s and money-getting schemes out of 
the church, thereby escaping prosecution for infringing on 
the copyright of the moving picture shows. 

Denounce the leasing of property for saloons and other 
immoral purposes. 

"Go forward." "Go up and possess the land." 

Cease carrying questionable advertisements in our 
church papers. 

Remove from our sacred sanctuary questionable ath- 
letics — imitations of the "prize ring." 

A Baptist campaign in Bible study. 

A greater interest taken in securing young men for the 
ministry — spiritually and finacially. 

37 



As a denomination may the church take a greater 
interest in the child's welfare — spiritually, physically, 
morally, finacially, and in the home and child labor. Think 
of it. Two million children under sixteen years of age are 
in gainful occupation ; 700,000 of these in occupations other 
than agricultural ; 580,000 of these between the ages of 10 
and 14 unable to read and write. The child in the factory, 
the young girl in the store, office and shop, demands the 
attention and protecting influence of the church. 

Let the church advocate social and industrial justice. 

Cry out against infanticide and race suicide and lax 
divorce laws. 

The churches must stand: 

For equal rights and complete justice for all men in 
all stations of life. 

For the protection of the family, by the single stand- 
ard of purity, uniform divorce laws, proper regulation of 
marriage, and proper housing. 

For the fullest possible development for every child, 
especially by the provision of proper education and recrea- 
tion. 

For the abolition of child labor. 

For such regulation of the condition of toil fo.r women 
as shall effectually safeguard the physical and moral health 
of the community. 

For the abatement and prevention of poverty. 

For the protection of the individual and society from 
the social, economic, and moral waste of the liquor traffic. 

For the conservation of health. 

For the protection of the worker from dangerous ma- 
chinery, occupational diseases, and mortality. 

For the right of all men to the opportunity for self- 
maintenance, for safeguarding this right against encroach- 
ments of every kind, and for the protection of workers 
from the hardships of enforced unemployment. 

For suitable provision for the old age of the workers, 
and for those incapacitated by injury. 

For the right of employees and employers alike to or- 
ganize ; and for the adequate means of conciliation and ar- 
bitration in industrial disputes. 

For a release from employment one day in seven. 

For the gradual and reasonable reduction of the hours 
of labor to the lowest practicable point. 

Whether you believe in eugenics or not — take a deeper 
interest in the social standing and happiness of the young 
l)eople of the church. Look to their temporal as "'well as 
their s])iritual prosperity. Yoic camiot reach one's heart 
7vhen he is hitngvy. You cannot win a soul with a chunk 

38 



of ice. You cannot talk to one about church giving when 
he is out of a job. 

A democratic, open church every day in the week, 
when possible, made comfortable and attractive to the young 
people, with good literature, music, reading room, etc. ; not 
a cold, closed, unattractive edifice, to be opened only on 
special occasions. 

More church life for the young and less auxiliaries, 
which wean our young people away from regular church 
services. 

Develop, if possible, a larger attendance and deeper 
interest on the part of the young people in the regular 
church services. 

Less formality and a deeper interest in each other. 
Be social ! 

Improve our Hymnals — Less skyscraping, operatic, 
anthem-thrilling and more gospel, congregational singing — 
more of the "old-time religion.'' 

More and better systematic giving. Educate the de- 
nomination up to the standard of "tithe giving." 

TO THE PASTOR. 

Less theology and more Christ. Less sensation and 
more Cross. Less pulpit and more pew. Xess cloister and 
more sociability. More God and less Magog. More com- 
mon sense and less theory. More mutuality and less in- 
dividuality. More love anl helpfulness among pastors and 
less rivalry and selfishness. More adhesiveness, cohesive- 
ness and stick-to-itiveness to the pulpit. More *'lips 
touched with coals of fire" and less ear to the ground for 
a "louder call." More Nazarine and less clerical. 

TO THE MEMBERSHIP. 

Less "knocking" and grumbling — criticising your pas- 
tor — with more helpfulness, loyalty and encouragement. 
Remember, your pastor is a human being. Moses had his 
limitations and you have yours. More consecration on the 
Lord's Day and less desecration. Less Lord's Day ab- 
senteeism and more "Monday" sickness. Save your 
feather-bed "pin money" for missions rather than for the 
circus, baseball and immoral shows. More Bibles, less 
tobacco and fewer cigars. Do not starve your pastor — pay 
more — pray better for a sinner, and your pastor will be a 
soul zvimier. 

Church attendance — "only a fezif' makes an empty 
peiv; are you surprised that your pastor feels blue ? Would 
you crown him with grace, then be in your place, doing 
your duty in saving the race. 

39 



In conclusion, we wish to call your attention to another 
educational feature — and we ask, why have the Labor or- 
ganizations of the United States compelled Congress and 
the legislatures to enact laws to regulate the immigration 
of aliens, the employes' liability act, the sixteen hour com- 
mon carrier act, the eight hour government contract law, 
the Chinese anti-immigration law, the anti-convict labor 
law, the safety apliance laws, the railroad pass law ; an act 
to regulate freight and passenger rates, an act governing 
the carrying trade, coal and other commodities, an act regu- 
lating child labor, etc. And the Grange organizations and 
the Farmers' Alliance, to the same effect, have caused pri- 
mary election laws, railroad commission law, a law pro- 
hibiting parallel railroad lines, public utilities law, laws reg- 
ulating routing grain and live stock, physical valuation of 
railroads and other public utilities ; a law regulating the 
state tax system, an anti-pass law, intrastate traffic law, 
agricultural, horticultural and many other wholesome do- 
mestic laws? The answer is at hand. The American 
Federation of Labor has a membership of more than two 
millions of people, with 117 national ancl\ international 
unions; 27,000 local unions, 37 state branches, 245 weekly 
and monthly pubHcations, 926 organizers, and when the 
officers of this mighty Leviathan in American politics 
knocks at the door of our legislative chambers, it is not 
simply the "voice of one crying in the wilderness," but it 
is the vast army of sovereigns crossing the Jordan of their 
deliverance. Add to this mighty influence one million five 
hundred thousand, not of the Federation, but affiliated: 
The Flint Glass Union, the Plasterers' Union, the Brother- 
hood of Locomotive Engineers, the .Brotherhood of Loco- 
motive Firemen, the Brotherhood of Railway Switchmen,, 
the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, the Brotherhood of 
Railway Clerks, the National Association of Letter Car- 
riers, the National Association of Steamfitters, the Order 
of Railway Conductors, the International Stonemasons" 
Union, the Western Federation of Miners anl the Knights 
of Labor, and we have the grand aggregate of three mil- 
lion Hzr hundred thousand people with one hundred and 
thirty-seirn distinctive independent organizations which are 
in American politics to stay — not as separate political or- 
ganizations, but as a potential, powerful influence in their 
own behalf. 

Therefore, where stands the church militant in this 
great conflict in the betterment of the human race? Shall 
we be laggards in advancing the kingdom of the Eternal 
(lod, with the great moral and religious force of more than 
forty millions of believers ; with our hundreds of thousands 
of organizations ; with our hundreds of thousands of 

40 



Isaiahs whose hps have been touched with the inspired 
coal hot from the altar of the Jehovah of the Universe; 
with thousands upon tens of thousands of universities, col- 
leges, seminaries, and schools, crying "Onward, Christian 
soldiers ;" with billions of righteous treasure, appealing 
"Go forward" and "possess the land ;" shall we hear the 
voice of one of God's very own crying up to us from the 
distant centuries : "Awake, awake ; put on thy strength, O 
Zion ; put on thy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem." 

In the largeness of the undeveloped future ; in the 
wadeness of the opportunities lying in the pathway of the 
great church militant, shall we hear the Macedonian call-- 
not "Give me Scotland or I die," but more Christ — more 
Cross, ere I die ; more and deeper knowledge of the great 
central truth of Christianity — A militant train of spiritual 
power through every church, through every protestant de- 
nomination, where Christianity has carried the Banner of 
the Cross — whether it be from "Greenland's icy mountains 
or India's coral strand," shall we, will we hear the cry — 
"more and more" — until that greater and deeper knowledge 
of Him who hath said, "I am the Resurrection and the 
l^fe," shall encompass the whole earth. 

Respectfully submitted, 

CHARLES ELLIOTT VROOMAN, 

Chairman. 



41 



BUSINESS SIDE OF CHURCHES 

By JAMBS H. COLLINS. 

(Every man who reads the Saturday Evening Post — 
and there are two million of them, at least — knows Mr. 
Collins. After the Men and Religion Congress in New 
York, which he attended, Mr. Collins set to work on 
efficiency problems of the church. The extract from his 
fascinating story in last week's Post is suggestive of the 
whole article and is decidedly illuminating.) 

Speak of business management in connection with re- 
ligion, and many persons think immediately of commercial- 
ism. To them business can mean only sensational modern 
methods. 

"Oh, well, if you want to see a church run on the 
latest business lines," they say, with unchangeable finality, 
"attend one of Dr. Bumcombe's services. He pulls the peo- 
ple in with moving pictures, you know. Great success — ■ 
crowded every Sunday ! But that is not religion !" 

The church is really no different from any other hu- 
man institution, though, when it comes to orderly manage- 
ment of its material affairs ; and in the general overhauling 



of churches goin? 



on 



today better business methods are 



being introduced. If a church is in debt, losing attendance 
and falling behind, the difficulty is often to be found in 
what might be called, with all respect, its box office. In 
some way it is not meeting demand for the good things a 
church has to offer, or isn't delivering them skillfully, or 
fails to get an adecjuate price for its products, or is selling 
them on too long credits. This view of church difficulty 
shocks the mind that thinks systematic production and mar- 
keting of the values a church has to offer are offensive to 
Diety ; but a good many church people are coming round to 
the old deacon's opinion that "God never did show much 
patience with poor business methods." 

Poor ])usiness irethods often begin with limited ideas 
al)()ut the functions of a church. Even the trustees may 
get into the way of regarding it as a place to which some 
people car be drawn on Sunday to see the new bonnets and 
hear the old platitudes, provided there isn't anything more 
exciting to do; but the church has much more than that 
to offer. Its spiritual, moral, social, and educational bene- 
fits are higlily diversified. Moreover, at some periods in 
their lives the church is indispensable to all, even though 
thc\' do not suspect it. 



42 



Until now it seems as though even men of good busi- 
ness judgment have hesitated to tackle church business on 
everyday business lines. Many of the church tasks assigned 
to men were chores rather than tasks ; and a man might do 
them for years, yet never get anywhere — or get the church 
anywhere, either. 

The man accustomed to fighting waste and lost motion 
in his business finds plenty of it to be eliminated in the 
church. There are too many churches of different denomi- 
nations in the community, or there is too much church plant 
for the w^ork that is being done. The broadest plans for 
church unity are now on foot, and their ultimate success 
in a worldwide consolidation of all churches depends very 
largely upon the trustee, the vestryman, and the elder ap- 
plying business sense to the affairs of the local church ; 
for unity calls for little adjustments between men and in- 
terests, such as are necessary in managing employes or set- 
tling upon business policy in a directors' meeting. In such 
activities the general manager and the factory superintend- 
ent find themselves right at home, and as they carry them 
out with plain business sense the old limits of dogma 
disappear. 

The revivalist comes to a town and by his vivid setting 
forth of spiritual values rouses the slumbering good in peo- 
ple. When the meetings are over, however, the plain busi- 
ness man is necessary, if the results of such a moral awak- 
ening are to be put to practical ends. In this case probably 
the man accustomed to getting results by follow-up meth- 
ods in business would most skillfully turn the revivalist's 
converts into church workers and members. So — with the 
expert accountant who likes to keep track of things in fig- 
ures, and the engineer who puts them into graphics and 
charts, and the executive who organizes expenditure in a 
regular budget, and the buyer skillful at getting the utmost 
out of a given appropriation, and every other business 
man — in church management, as it is now understood, there 
is an outlet for all their energies, an opportunity to work 
for the church just about as they work for themselves in 
everyday business. 

(Copyright, 1913, Curtis Publishing Co.) 



URGE A UNITED CHURCH IN WORK OF 
HOME MISSIONS. 

Keynote at Closing Session of Golden Jubilee of the Re- 
formed Denomination's Board. 
A jubilee celebration of fifty years of the Home Mission 
Board of the Reformed Church in the United States, which 

43 



closed a two-day session in the First Reformed Church, at 
Tenth and Wallace streets, last night, took as the keynote 
of a remarkable meeting the problem America is facing 
in the evangelization of her millions of immigrants. 

Representatives of a half dozen denominations, who 
took part in the celebration and brought greetings to the 
Reformed Church, pointed to home missions as the hope 
of the church and the nation in meeting this problem. This 
attitude was emphasized last night in addresses by the Rev. 
Dr. Paul S. Leinbach, pastor of the Hamilton Grange Re- 
formed Church, New York, and the Rev. Dr. Charles L. 
Thompson, president of the Home Mission Council of all 
churches of America. John Wanamaker presided at the 
meeting. 

Previous to the addresses, "jubilee gifts" toward the 
carrying out of this program were announced, along with 
greetings from every part of the country. Trinity Re- 
formed Church, of Pottstown, gave $2,000 and Grace 
Church, of Akron, Ohio, $1,500. 

It was emphasized that if the nation is to meet the 
problem of the immigrants it must meet it with a united 
church and not by denominational efforts. "What a blessed 
thing it will be when Christian people everywhere will 
come together in this work !" said Mr. Wanamaker. 

"The time is past," said the Rev. Dr. Thompson, "in 
view of the solid ranks that oppose us, for the church of 
Jesus Christ in America to be split in forty fragments." 

Rural churches in the United States are becoming 
poorer and church buildings in the country are being aban- 
doned because the farmer doesn't earn enough money to 
keep him alive, according to the Rev. Dr. Warren H. Wil- 
son, of New York, who spoke at the afternoon session. 

The Rev. Dr. Wilson is superintendent of the depart- 
ment of church and country life in the Presbyterian church. 
He has a force of men investigating conditions in country 
churches. He estimated that 1,500 rural churches in Illinois 
and 800 in Ohio have been abandoned. 

"l)Ut Ave can't ask the farmers to pay their pastors 
more n^.oney when farmers themselves are losing money,'' 
be said. "We found one county in Ohio where the average 
farmer's income was $400 a year. One-fourth of them 
were losing money. You can't linild churches on borrowed- 
money. 

"Mauy of fuu" country ministers are not pastors. The>' 
])reach in the country and live in the towns. They preach 
by the moon, every month, instead of by the Sabbath." 

Greetings from mission boards of other denominations 
featured the afternoon session. Among the speakers were 
the Rev. Dr. Charles M. I'oswell, of the Methodist Kpisco- 

44 



pal Church ; the Rev. Dr. Charles L. Frey, of the Lutheran 
Church, general council ; the Rev. Dr. A. Stewart Hartman, 
of the Lutheran Church, general synod, and the Rev. Dr. 
Watson R. Phillips, of the Congregational Church. 

CHRISTL\N CHURCHES OF U. S. HAD GOOD 
GROWTH IN 1913. 

Xcw Ones Were Established at Rate of Six a Day, Which 
Was Almost a Record Gain. 

Christian churches of all denominations in the United 
States report a total increase in membership during 1913 
of 618,000, or 1.8 per cent. Statistics showing the growth 
during the year have been compiled by the Rev. Dr. Henry 
K. Carroll, associate secretary of the Federal Council of 
Churches of Christ in America. 

New churches were organized at the rate of six a day, 
which' approaches a record gain. 

The percentage of growth in church membership, 
equal to about 20 per cent, in a decade, follows the average 
growth of population in the United States, and the Rev. 
Dr. Carroll regards the year as a very good one for 
churches of all ''names. The statistics show a total of 
37,280,000 actual members of all churches in the United 
States, of which 34,000,000 are included in eight big de- 
nominations. 

Methodists lead in the year's gain in membership, with 
220,000 : Roman Catholics are second, with an increase of 
212,500; Baptists third, with 64,600; Presbyterians fourth, 
with 45,600; Lutherans fifth, with 36,100; Disciples sixth, 
with 21,800, and Episcopalians seventh, with 16,500. 

The standing of the eight large denominations, with 
regard to total membership, is : Roman CathoHc, 13,099,- 
534; Methodist, 8,125,069; Baptist, 7,924,662; Lutheran, 
2,338,722; Presbyterians, 2,027,593; Disciples of Christ, 
1,519,369; Protestant Episcopal, 997,407, and Congrega- 
tional, 748,340. 

The Roman Catholic figures follow the government 
census plan of deducting 15 per cent from official Roman 
Catholic population for children not yet confirmed. Direc- 
tor Carroll estimates the Jews in the country at 2,000,000, 
of which New York contains about 900,000, making this 
city 4he greatest center of Jewish population in the world. 

*'A surprising feature of 1913," says Dr. Carroll, "was 
the extraordinary number of new churches. It came near 
bearing the greatest advance of any year. It is due, it is 
said, to the enterprise of many bodies in going after and 
organizing scattered communicants, and also to the realiza- 
tion of the economic fact that small churches, save in par-' 

45 



ticular cases in centers of large cities, are to be preferred 
to large, in that relatively they reach and interest larger 
numbers of people at less cost for maintenance." 

BISHOP TELLS METHODISTS GOING TO 

CHURCH ONCE A WEEK DOESN'T MAKE 

A CHRISTIAN. 

Modern methods of fighting the evil tendencies of 
today were urged by Fred B. Smith, irternational secretary 
of the Young Men's Christian Association, at the closing 
session of the Methodist Conclave in the Arch Street 
Methodist Church last night. 

"The laboring class of today is against the church," 
he said. "The rich man, because of his munificent gifts to 
the church, has alienated them. They believe that the 
church wants to get them by the throat and throttle them. 
We want the worker, the man who works with his hands 
as well as the man who works with his brains. 

"Beware of the rich man who gives large sums of 
money to the starving heathen in India and then goes and 
pays his overworked employees less than a living wage. 
Smoke them out and give every man an equal standing. 
Our schools and universities of today, instead of teaching- 
religious education are teaching religious uneducation. 

"The young man of today is so shallow-brained that 
sometimes we do not believe he has any brains at all. The 
time of being 'meek and lowly' is passed. It is overworked. 
We must fight fire with fire. The church that will not fight 
is not worthy of the name. 

"Corrupt forces combine for protection when attacked. 
The churches must combine, and then they can overcome 
any opposition. We are on the verge of one of the great- 
est religious revivals that the world has ever witnessed. 
It must come." 

Bishop Theodore S. Henderson, of Chattanooga, criti- 
cised the church members of today. "If you want the min- 
ister of today to win, you must work with him, praise him, 
];ush him. Raise the standard of the church. Make it so 
tliat every one will want to climb to it. 

"Let your ministers make the picture of hell so hot 
that they will come in and keep from being scorched. The 
average layman of today is asleep. He thinks that ^oing' 
to cluirch once a week and ])aying a contribution makes 
liim a Christian. Any man that does rot take an interest 
in the man next to: him is not worthy of the name of 
Christian." 

Hie convention was presided over by IJishop Jose])h 
F. Uerry. There w^erc present at the two days' session 

46 



more than 600 ministers from Pennsylvania, New Jersey, 
Delaware, Wyoming, and Porto Rico. Conspicuous among 
the attendants last night were a dozen sailors and marines 
from League Island. 

The morning services were addressed by Bishop Mc- 
Dowell and Bishop Berry. 

NAILING THE CHURCH DOOR. 

The following, entitled ''How to Nail Up the Church 
Door," comes from the Parish Guide : 

Nail 1 — Do not go to church when the weather is too 
warm — a close atmosphere is not beneficial to bodily health ; 
your spiritual health will suffer through sympathy. 

Nail 2 — Do not go to church when the weather is too 
cold; there is no morey — except for the doctor — in church 
draughts. Remember, people are more liable to get cold 
in church than elsewhere. 

Nail 3 — Be sure to be late. If you do not impress 
people with your importance, you may with your appear- 
ance. On that account please take a front seat, scowl at 
an intruder, then pray. 

Nail 4 — Take an interest in everything but the service ; 
the minister and choir will attend to that ; that is what 
they are there for. Take sufficient interest to notice all 
mistakes and tell them to everybody. 

Nail 5 — Be sure and never put currency or silver in 
the collections. Sometimes put a copper on the plate. This 
will give you the right of finding fault to an unlimited 
extent. 

Nail 6 — Don't fail to forget the time of meetings for 
church work. This is very encouraging to the minister. 
Find fault with everything that has been done, and refuse 
to do anything because you w^ere not consulted. 

Nail 7 — Be sure and tell the clergyman his faults when 
he calls — how he will not compare favorably with his prede- 
cessor — humble him if you can ; he may be getting proud. 

WHISKEY AND TOBACCO. 

''Wmc Is a Mocker, Strong Drink Is Raging; and 
Whosoever Is Deceived Therebv Is !\ot Wise/' 
—Prov. 20 :1. " 

Dr. j\Iaus declared that the use of alcohol reduced 
the efficiency of any nation's fighting force. 

"Many of the greatest military and naval leaders have 
shown," he declared, "that alcohol lessens every mental 
and physical quality necessary for successful campaigning 
and warfare. "More than fifty years ago Prof. Parkes, of 

47 



Netley, determined by actual practice that squads of sol- 
diers confined to water could outmarch those using alcohol. 
The Swedish goernmentv has proved that marksmanship is 
reduced from 30 to 50 per cent under the moderate in- 
fluences of alcohol." 

Dr. Maus presented the following vital statistics of the 
country concerning the disease of degeneracy in the United 
States. 

DISEASES OF THE DEGENERATE. 

Insane, 200,000 ; feeble-minded and epileptics, 250,000 ; 
deaf and dumb, 100,000; Wind, 100,000; juvenile delin- 
quents in institutions, 50,000; paupers, 100,000; prisoners 
and criminals, 150,000; total 950,000. 

"Nearly a million degenerates," he said, "at an annual 
cost of at least $250,000,000. The child born of an intoxi- 
cated parent never equals the child born of sober parentage 
and rarely rises above mediocrity. The disorders of de- 
velopment among children from parental intoxication vary 
greatly in character. They range from moderate enfeeble- 
men in mental and physical growth to the lowest grade of 
idiocy and monstrosity." 

Dealing with the relation of heredity to the drink habit, 
Dr. Maus said : "Dr. L. D. Mason, of Brooklyn, from a 
study of 7,000 inebriates, found that 60 per cent had alco- 
holic ancestry, either parents or grandparents. Legraine, 
of France, after an exhaustive study, came to the same 
conclusion. The greatest authorities in alcoholics agree that 
from 40 to 70 per cent of those unfortunates owe their 
condition to heredity. Dr. Hatch, superintendent of the 
State Hospital, California, points out that alcohol and alco- 
hol heredity are the principal predisposing causes of 
insanity. 

"The famous investigation of the Massachusetts bureau 
of labor statistics revealed the startling fact that 84 per 
cent of all criminals under conviction in the state owed the 
condition which induced the crime to intemperate habits. 
New York state, with a population of 9,113,000, has 31,265 
cases of insanity, 1 to 290, as compared with an average 
of 1 in 880 in fifteen southern states with a total popula- 
tion of 27,886,000. 

"It is believd that the preponderance of liquor dealers 
in Newi York state (36,275), over 12,000 in the fifteen 
southern states, is the principal cause'; of the difiference." 

D,RINK AND TUBERCULOSIS. 

Showing a direct connection between tuberculosis and 
the drink habit, Dr. Maus said : "Tuberculosis is also a 
common result of intemperance and is far more common 

48 



in drinking connnunities than in prohibition territory. We 
frequently find children ;of the intemperate afflicted with 
hip joint diseases, spinal affectiors, swollen joints, glandular 
enlargements, scrofula, and consumption of the lungs. 

"The international congress on tuberculosis, which met 
in Paris in 1905, passed the following resolution: 'That in 
view of the close connection between alcoholism and tuber- 
culosis this congress strongly emphasizes the importance of 
combining the fight against tuberculosis with the struggle 
against alcoholism.' 

"From the actuaries of important societies it has been 
proven that the longevity of the abstainer ranges from 30 
to 40 per cent greater than that of the moderate drinker." 

Dr. Maus dealt a hard blow to the contention that beer 
is a harmless beverage. 

BEER AND FATTY HEART. 

"Beer drinkers," he said, "are especially disposed to 
fatty and enlarged heart, diseases of the liver and kidneys, 
complicated with dropsy, arterio-schlorosis, gout, and rheu- 
matism. Beer diminishes the vitality and invites disease 
and death. 

"The mortality of brewers between the ages of 50 and 
60 is about three times as great as that of individuals who 
follow ordinary occupations. In fact, the mortality of liquor 
dealers and brewery men, with few exceptions, is greater 
than that of any other." 

Getting back to the conditions of the drink habit in 
the United States, Dr. Maus said: "During the last year 
about 300,000,000 gallons of wine, beer, whiskey, brandy, 
gin, and other intoxicants were used in this country at a 
cost of as many billions of dollars. The country would be 
electrified if called upon to appropriate this sum to sup- 
press diseases and national epidemics. Yet this expenditure 
is the miost important factor in the cause of our misery, 
poverty, suicides, robberies, murders, and crimes, besides 
the hundreds of thousands of deaths and the intellectually 
dead to be found in the insane asylums, feeble-minded, and 
epileptic irstitutions of the country." 

WHISKEY AND CIGARETTES GROWING MORE 
POPULAR. 

Increases in the production of whisky and cigarettes 
during the last fiscal year are shown in the annual report 
of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, just made pub- 
lic. The production of distilled spirits was 185,358,383 gal- 
lons, or 7,103,398 gallons more than was distilled in the 
preceding year. An increase of 3,055,146,176 in the pro- 

49 



duction of cigarettes over the preceding year was shown. 

Special excise taxes on corporations amounted to 
$25,006,299.84. The number of corporations fiHng returns 
increased by 16,984. 

Over fourteen bilhon cigarettes — to be exact, 14,294,- 
895,471 — were consumed in the United States during the 
fiscal year from June 30, 1912, to June 30, 1913. That 
number paid revenue to the government, according to the 
report of W. H. Osborn, Commissioner of Internal Rev- 
enue, made public recently. 

The increai^e is going on during the present fiscal year. 
Figures for the four months ending October 31 show an 
increase in revenue of $1,108,194.54, or approximately an 
increase in consumption of 886,515,632 cigarettes over the 
corresponding period of the last fiscal year. The consump- 
tion of cigarettes should reach an estimated total of over 
seventeen billions. The revenue from this source alone 
should reach $21,000,000, or more during the fiscal year of 
1914. 

In the past fifteen years, according to the records of 
the Internal Revenue Bureau, the consumption of whiskey 
in the' United States has doubled. In 1899 there were 136,- 
841,378.9 gallons of distilled spirits in the bonded ware- 
houses ; at the close of the fiscal year 1913 the warehouses 
held 276,784,540 gallons. This was an increase of more 
than 13,000,000 gallons over what was held in warehouses 
at the close of the preceding fiscal year. 

WITHDRAWALS TO BE SMALL. 

Of whiskey more than four years old and eligible for 
bottling there is in warehouses just 32,835,769.4 gallons. 
This indicates that the withdrawals from bond of whiskey 
during the present year will be small. 

The production of fermented liquors during the fiscal 
year just ended shows an increase of 3,148,142 barrels over 
the preceding year. 

The production of whiskey and other distilled spirits 
was also vastly increased. There was made and taxed 7,103,- 
398.1 gallons in excess of the quantity produced during 
the preceding year. The total production was 185,358,383.1 
gallons. 

Last year was the banner year for the L^nited States 
internal revenue tax. The total receipts of the Bureau of 
Internal Revenue amounted to $344,424,453.85, an increase 
of $22,808,559.16 over the preceding year, and more than 
$18,000,000 in excess of the estimated revenue. 

Iligh-water mark, up to that time, was reached in the 
total collections for the year 1901, when the added war tax 

50 



1)rouolit the total from income tax impost up to $:)06,871,- 
669.42. The revenues fell off thirty-five million dollars the 
next year, and forty millions additional the following year, 
but since steadily advancing until a new record was nrade 
in 1911, with a collection of $322,526,299.73. A falling off 
of a million in collections was shown in 1912, followed by 
the phenomena year of 1913, just closed. 

The annual report of Royal E. Cabell, Commissioner 
of Internal .Revenue, just given out, makes several startling 
declarations. 

All records were broken in the past fiscal year in the 
production of alcoholic liquors. 

:\lILLIONS OF AMERICAN WOMEN PUFF 
CIGARETTES. 

New York. — Computing from the fact that over 500,- 
000,000 milady-size cigarettes were consumed last year, one 
of the biggest cigarette manufacturers in the world de- 
clared today that there are nearly 2,000,000 women smokers 
in this country. 

IN THE PERIODICALS. 

Sexual-Probleme, June, 1914. — Birth regulation and 
sex morality, by Dr. Heinz Potthoff ; Sex reform and sex 
ethics, by Dr. H. v. Muller. 

Religious Education, June, 1914. — Articles on social 
service in the colleges and among college graduates. 

The Teaching of Sex Hygiene in the Public Schools. — ■ 
By E. B. Lowry,' M. D. Chicago, Forbes, 1914. 50c. 

Public Health Problems. — By John F. J. Sykes. New 
York, Scribner. $1.50. 

Eugenics. — Twelve University Lectures. By Twelve 
Professors of Zoology, Physiology, Sociology, Embryology, 
Psychology, etc., in the various universities of the United 
States, with a foreword by Leyelllvs F. Barker, M. D., of 
Johns Hopkins. New York, Dodd Mead, 1914. $2.00. 

First Report of the Citizens' Committee. — Portland, 
Me. 1914. 

]\lanhood. — By S. A. Johnson, Dean of the State Agri- 
cultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. 1914. 

Report of the Committee on the Social Evil. — Hono- 
lulu Social Survey. 1914. Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. 

The Right of the Child to Be Well Born.— By George 
E. Dawson. "New York, Funk & Wagnalls. 1912. 75c. 

Handbook of the People's Health.— By Walter M. 
Coleman. New York, MacmiUian. 1913. 70 cents. 

The Problem of Nations. — A study in the causes, 
symptoms, and effects of sexual disease, and the education 

51 



of the individual therein. By A. Corbett-Smith. Lor^don, 
Bale. 1914. Price, Is. 9d. 

THE AMERICAN SOCIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIA- 
TION BULLETIN, 

Published Monthly by The American Social Hygiene Asso- 
ciation, Inc., 105 West 40th Street, New York. 
The Attorney General of the United States, in his an- 
nual report, says that from the passage of the White Slave 
Traffic Act, popularly known as the Mann Act, June 25, 
1910, to September 30, 1913, there have been 633 convic- 
tions under the act, more than one-half during the last 
twelve months of that period. There were also 93 acquittals 
and on October 1, 1913, 177 cases were pending in which 
the defendants were under indictment. 

WHAT IT COSTS. 

In the United States 130,000,000 bushels of whole- 
some grain are destroyed annually in the manufacture of 
alcoholic beverages. There is no doubt that this increases 
the high cost of living. From this amount of grain over 
seven billion loaves of bread could be made, enough to 
give every man, woman, and child in the United States a 
loaf of bread every day for a period of nearly three 
months. 

Capt. R. P. Hobson makes the startling statement that 
the liquor traffic killed more people last year in the United 
States than all the wars of the world for the past twenty- 
five hundred years. 

America's costHest product today is the drunkard, who 
costs more than the Panama Canal, more than the United 
States navy. He causes 75 per cent of the 130 divorces 
that are granted in our courts every day, 50 per cent of 
the epilepsy, 50 per cent of the insantiy, and 85 per cent 
of the crime. — Berta Hart Nance. 



52 



^ ::-^fi^g&f--y:' -'-'>■." 



3^°Every family should take a Denominational paper. 



